如何在 Mac下快速部署 Nginx + Passenger + Rails

针对于新入门的开发者，如何在 Mac 下用 Nginx + Passenger 部署 Rails 的运行环境。

系统需求

Mac OSX Lion

步骤 0 安装环境依赖

安装 Xcode 4.1，Xcode4.2 以及更高的版本在 Lion 仍然存在一些兼容性问题，强烈建议使用 XCode 4.1，下载地址：

https://developer.apple.com/downloads/download.action?path=Developer_Tools/xcode_4.1_for_lion/xcode_4.1_for_lion.dmg

安装 RVM

$ bash < <(curl -s https://raw.github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm/master/binscripts/rvm-installer)

配置 RVM 自动加载，将下面这一行代码添加到~/.bash_profile中，然后退出 iTerm 并重新启动

[[ -s $HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm ]] && source $HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm

安装 ruby-1.9.2-p290

$ rvm install 1.9.2

设置系统默认使用 ruby-1.9.2

$ rvm use 1.9.2 --default

步骤 1 安装 Rails

安装 Rails

$ gem install rails

Rails 安装完成后，创建一个 rails 项目，假定你的项目叫做：awesome project

$ rails new awesome_project

启动 Rails，并访问 http://localhost:3000

$ cd awesome_project $ rails server

步骤 2 安装 Passenger 和 Nginx

首先通过 gem 安装 passenger

$ gem install passenger

因为 Nginx 不支持动态 module 载入，所以需要通过 Passenger 来自动下载，编译，安装由 Passenger 修改版的 Nginx:

安装 Passenger + Nginx

$ passenger-install-nginx-module

Yes: download, compile and install Nginx for me. (recommended) The easiest way to get started. A stock Nginx 1.0.10 with Passenger support, but with no other additional third party modules, will be installed for you to a directory of your choice.
No: I want to customize my Nginx installation. (for advanced users) Choose this if you want to compile Nginx with more third party modules besides Passenger, or if you need to pass additional options to Nginx's 'configure' script. This installer will 1) ask you for the location of the Nginx source code, 2) run the 'configure' script according to your instructions, and 3) run 'make install'.

Whichever you choose, if you already have an existing Nginx configuration file, then it will be preserved.

Enter your choice (1 or 2) or press Ctrl-C to abort: 这里建议选择 1

Please specify a prefix directory [/opt/nginx]: /usr/local/nginx
当询问 nginx 的安装路径的时候，个人建议安装到/usr/local/nginx下

当安装完成后，会在 console 中提示如何配置 Nginx
Passenger 会自动帮你将下面两行添加到 Nginx 的配置文件中/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf（很人性化）

http { ... passenger_root /Users/Daniel/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/gems/passenger-3.0.10; passenger_ruby /Users/Daniel/.rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.2-p290/ruby; ... }

server { listen 80; server_name www.yourhost.com; root /somewhere/public; # <--- be sure to point to 'public'! passenger_enabled on; }

请不要忘记将nginx命令行程序连接到/usr/local/sbin

$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/

步骤 3 配置 Nginx + Passenger + Rails

关于 Nginx 的配置，请参考 Nginx 的官方网站以及 Passenger 的官方网站

修改hosts文件，给你的项目一个本地域名，比如awesome_project.local

$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 awesome_project.local

测试 hosts

$ ping awesome_project.local
PING awesome_project.local (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms

继续配置 Nginx, 这里我给出一个最小可运行的 Nginx 配置文件

$ vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx.conf

worker_processes  1;

events {
  worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
  passenger_root /Users/Daniel/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/gems/passenger-3.0.10;
  passenger_ruby /Users/Daniel/.rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.2-p290/ruby;

  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  sendfile      on;
  keepalive_timeout  65;

  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name awesome_project.local;
    root /Users/Daniel/awesome_project/public;
    passenger_enabled on;
    rails_env development;
  }
}

测试 Nginx 的配置文件语法是否正确

$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

启动 Nginx

$ sudo nginx

如何在修改 Nginx 的配置文件后，让 Nginx 载入新配置

$ sudo nginx -s reload

如何停止 Nginx

$ sudo nginx -s stop

如何在不停 Nginx 的情况下，重新启动 Passenger

$ cd path/to/your/awesome/project
$ touch tmp/restart.txt

好了，这个时候你可以打开浏览器，访问你的awesome_project网站了

http://awesome_project.local