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新手问题 关于 "undefined method `type' for nil:NilClass"

simonykq · 2013年04月11日 · 最后由 simonykq 回复于 2013年04月11日 · 15565 次阅读

有没有人在开发 Rails 程序的时候时不时抛出过这个异常？

我曾经 debug 过。貌似跟数据库查询有关。但是却没有任何线索！

zgm #1 2013年04月11日

你也没提供什么线索。

simonykq #2 2013年04月11日

也没有什么线索。我碰到过很多次。随时随地什么情况下都有可能发生。纠结了很久了。但是我发现很多情况下是我在 Controller 里面写了 helper_method 类方法的时候发生的异常

windwiny #3 2013年04月11日

不就是 xx = nil ; xx.type 时才会发生吗？

ibachue #4 2013年04月11日

#2 楼 @simonykq 从没发现过此类问题。。

zj0713001 #5 2013年04月11日

type 是 mysql 的保留字吧 是不是因为这个？

vincent #6 2013年04月11日

你能否把完整的异常堆栈打处理看看？

simonykq #7 2013年04月11日

#3 楼 @windwiny 不是，问题时我根本就没调用什么 type 方法。不知道是谁在调用。有的时候重启一下服务器自己就好了。有的时候就不好使

simonykq #8 2013年04月11日

#5 楼 @zj0713001 我有一个 MySQL 项目，还有一个 Postgis 项目。貌似两者都犯过这个问题

Rei #9 2013年04月11日

type 是 activerecord 魔法字段，很可能是你用了这个字段。

zj0713001 #10 2013年04月11日

#8 楼 @simonykq 按照你 7 楼的说法 就不是数据库的问题 等下次异常了你贴一下完整的错误信息吧

ibachue #12 2013年04月11日

#11 楼 @simonykq 图片看不清楚啊

simonykq #13 2013年04月11日

上面的是我一个 MySQL 项目抛出异常的完整异常信息。我曾经用过一个 gem debug 过异常。好像是在 Controller 的 helper method 里面调用某些 model 的 ActiveRecord 查询时抛出的。

simonykq #14 2013年04月11日

我再传一张

lgn21st #15 2013年04月11日

#14 楼 @simonykq 不要传图片，把 logs 文件中的错误信息（包括调用栈）贴过来。

simonykq #16 2013年04月11日 
ActionView::Template::Error (undefined method `type' for nil:NilClass):
    11:         %th= sortable "address"
    12:         %th Slots
    13:     %tbody
    14:       = render @places
    15: -else
    16:   %br
    17:   %br
  app/views/home/_places.html.haml:14:in `_app_views_home__places_html_haml___844257875286865780_70322442856980'
  app/views/home/index.html.haml:30:in `block in _app_views_home_index_html_haml___442512620308274113_70322440503740'
  app/views/home/index.html.haml:21:in `_app_views_home_index_html_haml___442512620308274113_70322440503740'
  app/controllers/home_controller.rb:6:in `index'


  Rendered /Users/simonykq/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327@capak/gems/actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_trace.erb (1.9ms)
  Rendered /Users/simonykq/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327@capak/gems/actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_request_and_response.erb (0.9ms)
  Rendered /Users/simonykq/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327@capak/gems/actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/template_error.erb within rescues/layout (12.0ms)
simonykq #17 2013年04月11日 
private

def sort_column
  #%w(name owner description address).include?(params[:sort]) ? params[:sort] : "name"
  (Place.column_names << "owner").include?(params[:sort]) ? params[:sort] : "name"
end

def sort_direction
  %w[asc desc].include?(params[:direction]) ? params[:direction] : "asc"
end

这是我 Home_Controller 里面的一个私有方法，我把他们都设成了 helper_method，可以在 View 里面调用。问题貌似就是在 sort_column 方法里。当我用上面的代码时好用，用下面的 column_names 时就抛出异常

18 楼 已删除
simonykq #19 2013年04月11日

#18 楼 @Rei 我新手啊，刚注册的号。没用过呀

Rei #20 2013年04月11日

为什么 11 楼那么多内容，16 楼那么少？

simonykq #21 2013年04月11日 
def index
  @places= Place.search(params[:search]).sort(sort_column,sort_direction).paginate(:per_page => 5, :page => params[:page])
  respond_to do |format|
    format.html
    format.js
  end
end

这是我 HomeController 里面的 index 方法

Rei #22 2013年04月11日

贴这个文件内容 app/views/home/_places.html.haml

Rei #24 2013年04月11日

还有这个文件 app/views/home/index.html.haml

vincent #25 2013年04月11日

Place 这个 model 的 column 有哪些？最好也说明一下

simonykq #26 2013年04月11日

我这个排版怎么不好用

simonykq #27 2013年04月11日 
= hidden_field_tag :sort, params[:sort]
= hidden_field_tag :direction, params[:direction]

-unless @places.empty?
  %table.table
    %thead
      %tr
        %th= sortable "name"
        %th= sortable "owner"
        %th Description
        %th= sortable "address"
        %th Slots
    %tbody
      = render @places
-else
  %br
  %br
  %strong No records found
= will_paginate @places, class: "apple_pagination"

这是 places 局部模版

vincent #28 2013年04月11日

这句代码有问题 

(Place.column_names << "owner").include?(params[:sort]) ? params[:sort] : "name"

不能去改 Place.column_names 的值 你可以改成

array = Place.column_names + ["owner"]
array.include?(params[:sort]) ? params[:sort] : "name"
Rei #29 2013年04月11日

#27 楼 @simonykq 贴 db/schema.rb 里面的 places 表结构

Rei #30 2013年04月11日

还是要把错误栈贴全，出错页面点 Full Trace 然后把完整内容贴出来。

simonykq #31 2013年04月11日

#28 楼 @vincent << 应该不是破坏性 ruby 方法，应该不会对原有的直进行修改吧

Rei #32 2013年04月11日

#31 楼 @simonykq 就是对原有的修改。

simonykq #33 2013年04月11日

#29 楼 @Rei place 表结构很简单

create_table "places", :force => true do |t|
  t.string   "name"
  t.integer  "user_id"
  t.float    "latitude"
  t.float    "longitude"
  t.text     "description"
  t.datetime "created_at",  :null => false
  t.datetime "updated_at",  :null => false
  t.string   "address"
end

就这么简单

vincent #34 2013年04月11日

Place.column_names << "owner" 将会更改 Place.column_names的值，这会把整个 column 定义搞乱掉，所以你把上面说的代码改掉，应该就 OK 了。

simonykq #35 2013年04月11日 
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actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:16:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:56:in `call'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:32:in `call_app'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:16:in `block in call'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:22:in `tagged'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:16:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:22:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:21:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb:72:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/lock.rb:15:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:63:in `call'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/engine.rb:479:in `call'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/application.rb:223:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/content_length.rb:14:in `call'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/rack/log_tailer.rb:17:in `call'
thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/connection.rb:81:in `block in pre_process'
thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/connection.rb:79:in `catch'
thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/connection.rb:79:in `pre_process'
thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/connection.rb:54:in `process'
thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/connection.rb:39:in `receive_data'
eventmachine (1.0.3) lib/eventmachine.rb:187:in `run_machine'
eventmachine (1.0.3) lib/eventmachine.rb:187:in `run'
thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/backends/base.rb:63:in `start'
thin (1.5.1) lib/thin/server.rb:159:in `start'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/handler/thin.rb:13:in `run'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/server.rb:268:in `start'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/commands/server.rb:70:in `start'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/commands.rb:55:in `block in <top (required)>'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/commands.rb:50:in `tap'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/commands.rb:50:in `<top (required)>'
script/rails:6:in `require'
script/rails:6:in `<top (required)>'
-e:1:in `load'
-e:1:in `<main>'

Full stack

simonykq #36 2013年04月11日

#34 楼 @vincent 可是我在 console 里调用过以上方法，完全没有异常抛出。

/Users/simonykq/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p327/bin/ruby -e $stdout.sync=true;$stderr.sync=true;load($0=ARGV.shift) /Users/simonykq/rails_projects/capak-app/script/rails console
Loading development environment (Rails 3.2.13)
Switch to inspect mode.
>> Place.column_names << "owner"
Creating scope :page. Overwriting existing method Place.page.
["id", "name", "user_id", "latitude", "longitude", "description", "created_at", "updated_at", "address", "owner"]
vincent #37 2013年04月11日

#36 楼 @simonykq 你再运行一句，肯定抛异常

Place.column_names << 'owner'
Place.first
simonykq #38 2013年04月11日

楼上正解，受教了！

Rei #39 2013年04月11日 
def create_time_zone_conversion_attribute?(name, column)
  time_zone_aware_attributes && !self.skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes.include?(name.to_sym) && column.type.in?([:datetime, :timestamp])
end

这行代码调用了 column.type 方法，很可能就是因为 helper 往 column_names 里面塞了一个字符串的关系。

simonykq #40 2013年04月11日

我觉得着算是 Rails 的一个 glitch，应该在往 column_names 里面塞字符串的时候就抛出异常。我以前在国外网站看了很多帖子，也没找到答案

simonykq #41 2013年04月11日

一班人很难发现问题出在哪

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