Gem rspec5 一览大文

imanner · 2021年05月14日 · 最后由 linlinda 回复于 2023年11月03日 · 1019 次阅读

安装

添加到 Gemfile

$ echo 'gem "rspec-rails", group: [:development, :test]' >> Gemfile

安装

$ bundle install

初始化成为默认测试框架

$ rails generate rspec:install

运行测试

$ rails spec

或者

$ rspec spec --format documentation

测试框架

# spec/failing_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

# 配置
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.xxx
  ...
end

# 类级别命名空间
RSpec.describe "类名", :type => :类型 do
  # 使用内部的匿名控制器
  controller do
    def 方法名
      # 实现
    end
  end

  before(:context) do
    @widget = Widget.create!
  end

  after(:context) do
    @widget.destroy
  end

  # 类的方法级别命名空间
  # describe "请求方法 方法名" 
  describe "GET index" do
    before(:context) do
      @widget = Widget.create!
    end

    after(:context) do
      @widget.destroy
    end

    # 具体的测试用例 允许多个，包含成功的和失败的
    it "raises an error" do
      # 具体实现
      get :index
    end
  end
end

内置创建器

$ rails generate rspec:model user
$ rails generate rspec:controller api::v1::users

生成文件 spec/models/user_spec.rb

更多的 specs 标签支持：

scaffold
model
controller
- rails g rspec:controller api::v1::users
helper
view
mailer
integration
feature
job
channel
generator
mailbox
request
system

事务

rspec 默认开启事务，这样可以保证测试完成后自动清空数据库。当然可以使用其他 gem 来完成这个功能，例如 database_cleaner 。

当运行 rails generate rspec:install, 在文件 spec/rails_helper.rb 中默认引入了系列配置：

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = true
end

禁用事务

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = false
end

利用 `before` 关键字实现自动回滚的控制

自动回滚：任何在 before(:example) 定义的数据在执行完测试后都会自动清空。

describe Widget do
before(:example) do
  @widget = Widget.create
end

it "does something" do
  expect(@widget).to do_something
end

it "does something else" do
  expect(@widget).to do_something_else
end
end

@widget 在每个 it 中都会被重新创建，所以互不干扰。

手动控制：在 before(:context) 中创建的数据则不会自动回滚。你可以利用before(:context) 创建多个方法的公用数据。下面是几个原则：

一定要定义 after(:context) 来手动删除数据：
```
before(:context) do
  @widget = Widget.create!
end

after(:context) do
  @widget.destroy
end
```
否则你的数据会一直存在有可能影响其他测试。

一定要使用 before(:example) 刷新数据。

before(:context) do
  @widget = Widget.create!
end

before(:example) do
  @widget.reload
end

目录结构建议

rspec 的目录规范

模块	所在目录
`Model specs`	`spec/models`
`Controller specs`	`spec/controllers`
`Request specs`	`spec/requests` 或者 `integration` 或者`api`
`Feature specs`	`spec/features`
`View specs`	`spec/views`
`Helper specs`	`spec/helpers`
`Mailer specs`	`spec/mailers`
`Routing specs`	`spec/routing`
`Job specs`	`spec/jobs`
`System specs`	`spec/system`

当然开发人员可以任意自定义目录结构，这个时候就需要明确的说明当前的测试是针对那个模块儿。如何指定呢？使用type, 在 rspec 中可用的 type 类型有：

模块	使用类型标示
`Model specs`	`type: :model`
`Controller specs`	`type: :controller`
`Request specs`	`type: :request`
`Feature specs`	`type: :feature`
`View specs`	`type: :view`
`Helper specs`	`type: :helper`
`Mailer specs`	`type: :mailer`
`Routing specs`	`type: :routing`
`Job specs`	`type: :job`
`System specs`	`type: :system`

举个例子：

# spec/legacy/things_controller_spec.rb
# 明确表明了要测试的类型
RSpec.describe ThingsController, type: :controller do
  describe "GET index" do
    # Examples
  end
end

自动识别类型

如果目录的安排是按照 rspec 规范的目录，可以通过配置自动的识别类型

# spec/rails_helper.rb
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!
end

但是如果是自定义目录，也可以这样做：

# set `:type` for serializers directory
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.define_derived_metadata(:file_path => Regexp.new('/spec/serializers/')) do |metadata|
    metadata[:type] = :serializer
  end
end

建议

强烈推荐按照规范罗列目录，例如：

app
├── controllers
│   ├── application_controller.rb
│   └── books_controller.rb
├── helpers
│   ├── application_helper.rb
│   └── books_helper.rb
├── models
│   ├── author.rb
│   └── book.rb
└── views
    ├── books
    └── layouts
lib
├── country_map.rb
├── development_mail_interceptor.rb
├── enviroment_mail_interceptor.rb
└── tasks
    └── irc.rake
spec
├── controllers
│   └── books_controller_spec.rb
├── country_map_spec.rb
├── features
│   └── tracking_book_delivery_spec.rb
├── helpers
│   └── books_helper_spec.rb
├── models
│   ├── author_spec.rb
│   └── book_spec.rb
├── rails_helper.rb
├── requests
│   └── books_spec.rb
├── routing
│   └── books_routing_spec.rb
├── spec_helper.rb
├── tasks
│   └── irc_spec.rb
└── views
    └── books

场景

自动识别测试类型，添加 type

#spec/functional/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  it "responds successfully" do
    get :index
    expect(response.status).to eq(200)
  end
end

非 Rails 应用就不要添加 type

#spec/ledger/entry_spec.rb
require "spec_helper"

Entry = Struct.new(:description, :us_cents)

RSpec.describe Entry do
  it "has a description" do
    is_expected.to respond_to(:description)
  end
end

从文件位置推断规范类型会添加适当的元数据

#spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!
end

RSpec.describe WidgetsController do
  it "responds successfully" do
    get :index
    expect(response.status).to eq(200)
  end
end

# spec/routing/duckduck_routing_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  get "/example" => redirect("http://example.com")
end

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!
end

# Due to limitations in the Rails routing test framework, routes that
# perform redirects must actually be tested via request specs
RSpec.describe "/example", :type => :request do
  it "redirects to example.com" do
    get "/example"
    expect(response).to redirect_to("http://example.com")
  end
end

Backtrace 过滤

Rails 中有些 gem 会让失败输出的 backtrace 信息会被过滤和简化，我们可以通过配置让失败的输出全部的 backtrace：

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.filter_rails_from_backtrace!
end

局部使用 `filter_rails_from_backtrace!`

# spec/failing_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.filter_rails_from_backtrace!
end

RSpec.describe "Controller", :type => :controller do
  # 使用内部的匿名控制器
  controller do
    def index
      raise "Something went wrong."
    end
  end

  describe "GET index" do
    it "raises an error" do
      get :index
    end
  end
end

为模型编写 rspec

模型的 rspec 是 ActiveSupport :: TestCase 的美化包装，并且包括所有它提供的行为和断言，以及 RSpec 自身的行为和期望。

例子：

require "rails_helper"
# 模型是：Post， 明确指定了type
RSpec.describe Post, :type => :model do
  # 命名空间是 with 2 or more comments
  context "with 2 or more comments" do
    # 真正的测试
    it "orders them in reverse chronologically" do
      # 调用create方法创建了一个 post
      post = Post.create!
      # 创建一个回复
      comment1 = post.comments.create!(:body => "first comment")
      # 创建第二个回复
      comment2 = post.comments.create!(:body => "second comment")
      # 期望所有回复中 comment2, comment1相等
      expect(post.reload.comments).to eq([comment2, comment1])
    end
  end
end

事务的例子

默认使用事务

# spec/models/widget_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

# 验证模型 Widget
RSpec.describe Widget, :type => :model do
  # 没有数据
  it "has none to begin with" do
    expect(Widget.count).to eq 0
  end

  # 添加一个
  it "has one after adding one" do
    Widget.create
    expect(Widget.count).to eq 1
  end

  # 因为有事务 所以这个数据是独立的  也成立
  it "has none after one was created in a previous example" do
    expect(Widget.count).to eq 0
  end
end

运行测试：

$ rspec spec/models/widget_spec.rb

应该都通过。

明确指定事务开启

#spec/models/widget_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.configure do |c|
  c.use_transactional_examples = true
end

RSpec.describe Widget, :type => :model do
  it "has none to begin with" do
    expect(Widget.count).to eq 0
  end

  it "has one after adding one" do
    Widget.create
    expect(Widget.count).to eq 1
  end

  it "has none after one was created in a previous example" do
    expect(Widget.count).to eq 0
  end
end

运行测试：

$ rspec spec/models/widget_spec.rb

应该都通过。

明确禁用事务

#spec/models/widget_spec.rb" with:
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.configure do |c|
  # 关闭事务 
  c.use_transactional_examples = false
  # 设定公用值
  c.order = "defined"
end

RSpec.describe Widget, :type => :model do
  it "has none to begin with" do
    expect(Widget.count).to eq 0
  end

  it "has one after adding one" do
    Widget.create
    expect(Widget.count).to eq 1
  end

  it "has one after one was created in a previous example" do
    expect(Widget.count).to eq 1
  end

  # 利用after删除
  after(:all) { Widget.destroy_all }
end

运行测试：

$ rspec spec/models/widget_spec.rb

应该都通过。

使用 fixture 预定值

#spec/models/thing_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe Thing, :type => :model do
  fixtures :things
  it "fixture method defined" do
    things(:one)
  end
end


#spec/fixtures/things.yml
one:
  name: MyString

运行测试：

$ rspec spec/models/thing_spec.rb

应该都通过。

支持 double

默认情况下，rspec 验证的 double 不支持动态方法。而 instance_double.rspec-rails 通过扩展的方法为列启用了此支持。

例子：

# spec/models/widget_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe Widget, :type => :model do
  it "has one after adding one" do
    # 假造一个对象Widget 属性为name
    instance_double("Widget", :name => "my name")
  end
end

为控制器编写 rspec

controller spec 继承自 ActionController::TestCase::Behavior, 允许你发送 http 请求并获取相应的期望：

rendered templates
redirects
controller 与 view 共用的实例变量
cookies

可以像这样制定结果：

标准匹配： (expect(response.status).to eq(200))
标准断言： (assert_equal 200, response.status)
rails 断言 (assert_response 200)

rails-specific 匹配器：

期望渲染了模板

expect(response).to render_template(:new)   # wraps assert_template

期望执行了重定向

expect(response).to redirect_to(location)   # wraps assert_redirected_to

期望得到指定的状态值

expect(response).to have_http_status(:created)

期待新创建了对象

expect(assigns(:widget)).to be_a_new(Widget)

简单实例：

RSpec.describe TeamsController do
  describe "GET index" do
    it "assigns @teams" do
      team = Team.create
      get :index
      expect(assigns(:teams)).to eq([team])
    end

    it "renders the index template" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to render_template("index")
    end
  end
end

指定头信息

require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe TeamsController, type: :controller do
  describe "GET index" do
    it "returns a 200" do
      # 添加头信息
      request.headers["Authorization"] = "foo"
      # 请求show方法
      get :show
      # 期待返回值是 200
      expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
    end
  end
end

controller 相关

简单实例

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  describe "GET index" do
    it "has a 200 status code" do
      get :index
      # 期待状态码的值是 200
      expect(response.status).to eq(200)
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

测试返回值的数据类型

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  describe "responds to" do
    it "responds to html by default" do
      post :create, :params => { :widget => { :name => "Any Name" } }
      # 返回值为类型为 "text/html"
      expect(response.content_type).to eq "text/html"
    end

    it "responds to custom formats when provided in the params" do
      post :create, :params => { :widget => { :name => "Any Name" }, :format => :json }
      # 返回值为类型为 "text/html"
      expect(response.content_type).to eq "application/json"
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

指定请求参数的数据类型

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  describe "responds to" do
    it "responds to html by default" do
      post :create, :params => { :widget => { :name => "Any Name" } }
      expect(response.content_type).to eq "text/html"
    end

    it "responds to custom formats when provided in the params" do
      # 设定请求参数类型为 json
      post :create, :params => { :widget => { :name => "Any Name" }, :format => :json }
      expect(response.content_type).to eq "application/json"
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

测试返回值的数据编码类型

#spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  describe "responds to" do
    it "responds to html by default" do
      post :create, :params => { :widget => { :name => "Any Name" } }
      # 编码类型为 text/html; charset=utf-8
      expect(response.content_type).to eq "text/html; charset=utf-8"
    end

    it "responds to custom formats when provided in the params" do
      post :create, :params => { :widget => { :name => "Any Name" }, :format => :json }
      # 编码类型为 application/json; charset=utf-8
      expect(response.content_type).to eq "application/json; charset=utf-8"
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

测试返回值的 media_type

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  describe "responds to" do
    it "responds to html by default" do
      post :create, :params => { :widget => { :name => "Any Name" } }
      #media_type 为 text/html
      expect(response.media_type).to eq "text/html"
    end

    it "responds to custom formats when provided in the params" do
      post :create, :params => { :widget => { :name => "Any Name" }, :format => :json }
      expect(response.media_type).to eq "application/json"
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

指定具体的视图文件

期望通过控制器动作呈现的模板（通过）

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  describe "index" do
    it "renders the index template" do
      get :index
      # 测试渲染了指定的 index 模板
      expect(response).to render_template("index")
      # 测试返回值为 “”
      expect(response.body).to eq ""
    end
    it "renders the widgets/index template" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to render_template("widgets/index")
      expect(response.body).to eq ""
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

期望控制器操作未呈现的模板（失败）

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  describe "index" do
    it "renders the 'new' template" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to render_template("new")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

没有通过测试

期望在运行时更改视图路径时呈现空模板（通过）

# spec/controllers/things_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe ThingsController, :type => :controller do
  describe "custom_action" do
    it "renders an empty custom_action template" do
      # 更改视图路径
      controller.prepend_view_path 'app/views'
      controller.append_view_path 'app/views'
      get :custom_action
      expect(response).to render_template("custom_action")
      expect(response.body).to eq ""
    end
  end
end


#app/controllers/things_controller.rb
class ThingsController < ActionController::Base
  layout false
  def custom_action
  end
end

#app/views/things/custom_action.html.erb
# 空文件

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

在运行时更改视图路径时，期望模板使用 render_views 渲染实际模板（通过）

# spec/controllers/things_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe ThingsController, :type => :controller do
  render_views

  it "renders the real custom_action template" do
    controller.prepend_view_path 'app/views'
    get :custom_action
    expect(response).to render_template("custom_action")
    expect(response.body).to match(/template for a custom action/)
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

匹配渲染绘图内容

直接在单个组中进行 render_views

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  render_views

  describe "GET index" do
    it "has a widgets related heading" do
      get :index
      expect(response.body).to match /<h1>.*widgets/im
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

在嵌套组中打开和关闭 render_views

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  context "with render_views" do
    render_views

    describe "GET index" do
      it "renders the actual template" do
        get :index
        expect(response.body).to match /<h1>.*widgets/im
      end
    end

    context "with render_views(false) nested in a group with render_views" do
      render_views false

      describe "GET index" do
        it "renders the RSpec generated template" do
          get :index
          expect(response.body).to eq("")
        end
      end
    end
  end

  context "without render_views" do
    describe "GET index" do
      it "renders the RSpec generated template" do
        get :index
        expect(response.body).to eq("")
      end
    end
  end

  context "with render_views again" do
    render_views

    describe "GET index" do
      it "renders the actual template" do
        get :index
        expect(response.body).to match /<h1>.*widgets/im
      end
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec --order default --format documentation
WidgetsController
  with render_views
    GET index
      renders the actual template
    with render_views(false) nested in a group with render_views
      GET index
        renders the RSpec generated template
  without render_views
    GET index
      renders the RSpec generated template
  with render_views again
    GET index
      renders the actual template

all 通过测试

全局 render_views

# spec/support/render_views.rb" with:
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.render_views
end


# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"
require "support/render_views"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  describe "GET index" do
    it "renders the index template" do
      get :index
      expect(response.body).to match /<h1>.*widgets/im
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

匿名控制器

使用 controller 方法定义一个匿名控制器，该匿名控制器将从传入的参数所描述的类继承。这对于指定类似全局错误处理的行为很有用。

要指定其他基类，您可以将该类显式传递给 controller 方法：

controller(BaseController)

您还可以禁用基本类型推断，在这种情况下，匿名控制器将默认继承自 ApplicationController 方法而不是所描述的类。

RSpec.configure do |c|
  # 禁用基本类型推断
  c.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false
end

RSpec.describe BaseController, :type => :controller do
    # ApplicationController
    controller do
    def index; end

    # this normally creates an anonymous `BaseController` subclass,
    # however since `infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers` is
    # disabled, it creates a subclass of `ApplicationController`
  end
end

使用重定向处理在ApplicationController中指定的错误

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  class AccessDenied < StandardError; end

  rescue_from AccessDenied, :with => :access_denied

private

  def access_denied
    redirect_to "/401.html"
  end
end

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def index
      raise ApplicationController::AccessDenied
    end
  end

  describe "handling AccessDenied exceptions" do
    it "redirects to the /401.html page" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to redirect_to("/401.html")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

使用 render 处理在ApplicationController中指定的错误

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  class AccessDenied < StandardError; end

  rescue_from AccessDenied, :with => :access_denied

private

  def access_denied
    render "errors/401"
  end
end

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def index
      raise ApplicationController::AccessDenied
    end
  end

  describe "handling AccessDenied exceptions" do
    it "renders the errors/401 template" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to render_template("errors/401")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

使用 render_template 处理在ApplicationController中指定的错误

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  class AccessDenied < StandardError; end

  rescue_from AccessDenied, :with => :access_denied

private

  def access_denied
    render :file => "errors/401"
  end
end

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def index
      raise ApplicationController::AccessDenied
    end
  end

  describe "handling AccessDenied exceptions" do
    it "renders the errors/401 template" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to render_template("errors/401")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

使用子类处理在ApplicationController中指定的错误

# spec/controllers/application_controller_subclass_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  class AccessDenied < StandardError; end
end

class FoosController < ApplicationController

  rescue_from ApplicationController::AccessDenied, with: :access_denied

private

  def access_denied
    redirect_to "/401.html"
  end
end

RSpec.describe FoosController, :type => :controller do
  controller(FoosController) do
    def index
      raise ApplicationController::AccessDenied
    end
  end

  describe "handling AccessDenied exceptions" do
    it "redirects to the /401.html page" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to redirect_to("/401.html")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

从描述的类中推断基类

# spec/controllers/base_class_can_be_inferred_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base; end

class FoosController < ApplicationController; end

RSpec.describe FoosController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def index
      render :plain => "Hello World"
    end
  end

  it "creates anonymous controller derived from FoosController" do
    expect(controller).to be_a_kind_of(FoosController)
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

在描述的类中使用name和controller_name

# spec/controllers/get_name_and_controller_name_from_described_class_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base; end
class FoosController < ApplicationController; end

RSpec.describe "Access controller names", :type => :controller do
  controller FoosController do
    def index
      @name = self.class.name
      @controller_name = controller_name
      render :plain => "Hello World"
    end
  end

  before do
    get :index
  end

  it "gets the class name as described" do
    expect(assigns[:name]).to eq('FoosController')
  end

  it "gets the controller_name as described" do
    expect(assigns[:controller_name]).to eq('foos')
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

在基类中调用around_filter和around_action

# spec/controllers/application_controller_around_filter_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  around_action :an_around_filter

  def an_around_filter
    @callback_invoked = true
    yield
  end
end

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def index
      render :plain => ""
    end
  end

  it "invokes the callback" do
    get :index

    expect(assigns[:callback_invoked]).to be_truthy
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

匿名控制器仅创建资源路由

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

if defined?(ActionController::UrlGenerationError)
  ExpectedRoutingError = ActionController::UrlGenerationError
else
  ExpectedRoutingError = ActionController::RoutingError
end

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def index
      render :plain => "index called"
    end

    def create
      render :plain => "create called"
    end

    def new
      render :plain => "new called"
    end

    def show
      render :plain => "show called"
    end

    def edit
      render :plain => "edit called"
    end

    def update
      render :plain => "update called"
    end

    def destroy
      render :plain => "destroy called"
    end

    def willerror
      render :plain => "will not render"
    end
  end

  describe "#index" do
    it "responds to GET" do
      get :index
      expect(response.body).to eq "index called"
    end

    it "also responds to POST" do
      post :index
      expect(response.body).to eq "index called"
    end

    it "also responds to PUT" do
      put :index
      expect(response.body).to eq "index called"
    end

    it "also responds to DELETE" do
      delete :index
      expect(response.body).to eq "index called"
    end
  end

  describe "#create" do
    it "responds to POST" do
      post :create
      expect(response.body).to eq "create called"
    end

    # And the rest...
    %w{get post put delete}.each do |calltype|
      it "responds to #{calltype}" do
        send(calltype, :create)
        expect(response.body).to eq "create called"
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#new" do
    it "responds to GET" do
      get :new
      expect(response.body).to eq "new called"
    end

    # And the rest...
    %w{get post put delete}.each do |calltype|
      it "responds to #{calltype}" do
        send(calltype, :new)
        expect(response.body).to eq "new called"
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#edit" do
    it "responds to GET" do
      get :edit, :params => { :id => "anyid" }
      expect(response.body).to eq "edit called"
    end

    it "requires the :id parameter" do
      expect { get :edit }.to raise_error(ExpectedRoutingError)
    end

    # And the rest...
    %w{get post put delete}.each do |calltype|
      it "responds to #{calltype}" do
        send(calltype, :edit, :params => {:id => "anyid"})
        expect(response.body).to eq "edit called"
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#show" do
    it "responds to GET" do
      get :show, :params => { :id => "anyid" }
      expect(response.body).to eq "show called"
    end

    it "requires the :id parameter" do
      expect { get :show }.to raise_error(ExpectedRoutingError)
    end

    # And the rest...
    %w{get post put delete}.each do |calltype|
      it "responds to #{calltype}" do
        send(calltype, :show, :params => {:id => "anyid"})
        expect(response.body).to eq "show called"
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#update" do
    it "responds to PUT" do
      put :update, :params => { :id => "anyid" }
      expect(response.body).to eq "update called"
    end

    it "requires the :id parameter" do
      expect { put :update }.to raise_error(ExpectedRoutingError)
    end

    # And the rest...
    %w{get post put delete}.each do |calltype|
      it "responds to #{calltype}" do
        send(calltype, :update, :params =>  {:id => "anyid"})
        expect(response.body).to eq "update called"
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#destroy" do
    it "responds to DELETE" do
      delete :destroy, :params => { :id => "anyid" }
      expect(response.body).to eq "destroy called"
    end

    it "requires the :id parameter" do
      expect { delete :destroy }.to raise_error(ExpectedRoutingError)
    end

    # And the rest...
    %w{get post put delete}.each do |calltype|
      it "responds to #{calltype}" do
        send(calltype, :destroy, :params => {:id => "anyid"})
        expect(response.body).to eq "destroy called"
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#willerror" do
    it "cannot be called" do
      expect { get :willerror }.to raise_error(ExpectedRoutingError)
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

为不从应用程序控制器继承的匿名控制器创建自定义路由

# spec/controllers/other_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"
class OtherController < ActionController::Base
end

RSpec.describe OtherController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def custom
      render :plain => "custom called"
    end
  end

  specify "manually draw the route to request a custom action" do
    routes.draw { get "custom" => "other#custom" }

    get :custom
    expect(response.body).to eq "custom called"
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

为定义的控制器创建自定义路由

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

class FoosController < ApplicationController; end

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do
  controller FoosController do
    def custom
      render :plain => "custom called"
    end
  end

  specify "manually draw the route to request a custom action" do
    routes.draw { get "custom" => "foos#custom" }

    get :custom
    expect(response.body).to eq "custom called"
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

与命名空间控制器一起使用

# spec/controllers/namespaced_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base; end

module Outer
  module Inner
    class FoosController < ApplicationController; end
  end
end

RSpec.describe Outer::Inner::FoosController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def index
      @name = self.class.name
      @controller_name = controller_name
      render :plain => "Hello World"
    end
  end

  it "creates anonymous controller derived from the namespace" do
    expect(controller).to be_a_kind_of(Outer::Inner::FoosController)
  end

  it "gets the class name as described" do
    expect{ get :index }.to change{
      assigns[:name]
    }.to eq('Outer::Inner::FoosController')
  end

  it "gets the controller_name as described" do
    expect{ get :index }.to change{
      assigns[:controller_name]
    }.to eq('foos')
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

参阅被测控制器中的应用程序路由

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  match "/login" => "sessions#new", :as => "login", :via => "get"
end

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def index
      redirect_to login_url
    end
  end

  it "redirects to the login page" do
    get :index
    expect(response).to redirect_to("/login")
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

忽略 rescue

使用bypass_rescue可以绕过两个 Rails 对错误的默认处理控制器动作，以及使用 screw_from 声明的任何自定义处理。

这使您可以指定引发异常的详细信息。

背景

# spec/controllers/gadgets_controller_spec_context.rb
class AccessDenied < StandardError; end

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  rescue_from AccessDenied, :with => :access_denied

  private

  def access_denied
    redirect_to "/401.html"
  end
end

使用rescue_from处理标准异常

# spec/controllers/gadgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

require 'controllers/gadgets_controller_spec_context'

RSpec.describe GadgetsController, :type => :controller do
  before do
    def controller.index
      raise AccessDenied
    end
  end

  describe "index" do
    it "redirects to the /401.html page" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to redirect_to("/401.html")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/controllers/gadgets_controller_spec.rb

all 通过测试

使用bypass_rescue绕过rescue_from处理

# spec/controllers/gadgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

require 'controllers/gadgets_controller_spec_context'

RSpec.describe GadgetsController, :type => :controller do
  before do
    def controller.index
      raise AccessDenied
    end
  end

  describe "index" do
    it "raises AccessDenied" do
      bypass_rescue
      # 断言抛出异常
      expect { get :index }.to raise_error(AccessDenied)
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/controllers/gadgets_controller_spec.rb

all 通过测试

路由控制

指定路由引擎

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

# A very simple Rails engine
module MyEngine
  class Engine < ::Rails::Engine
    isolate_namespace MyEngine
  end

  Engine.routes.draw do
    resources :widgets, :only => [:show] do
      get :random, :on => :collection
    end
  end

  class WidgetsController < ::ActionController::Base
    def random
      @random_widget = Widget.all.shuffle.first
      redirect_to widget_path(@random_widget)
    end

    def show
      @widget = Widget.find(params[:id])
      render :text => @widget.name
    end
  end
end

RSpec.describe MyEngine::WidgetsController, :type => :controller do
  routes { MyEngine::Engine.routes }

  it "redirects to a random widget" do
    widget1 = Widget.create!(:name => "Widget 1")
    widget2 = Widget.create!(:name => "Widget 2")

    get :random
    expect(response).to be_redirect
    expect(response).to redirect_to(assigns(:random_widget))
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

Cookies

测试在控制器中清除 cookie 的值

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do
  controller do
    def clear_cookie
      cookies.delete(:user_name)
      head :ok
    end
  end

  before do
    routes.draw { get "clear_cookie" => "anonymous#clear_cookie" }
  end

  it "clear cookie's value 'user_name'" do
    cookies[:user_name] = "Sam"

    get :clear_cookie

    expect(cookies[:user_name]).to eq nil
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

设置请求头

不推荐直接在控制器中设置请求头，如果非要设置，请使用下面的 request.headers 方法

设置请求头

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, type: :controller do
  controller do
    def show
      if request.headers["Authorization"] == "foo"
        head :ok
      else
        head :forbidden
      end
    end
  end

  before do
    routes.draw { get "show" => "anonymous#show" }
  end

  context "valid Authorization header" do
    it "returns a 200" do
      request.headers["Authorization"] = "foo"

      get :show

      expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
    end
  end

  context "invalid Authorization header" do
    it "returns a 403" do
      request.headers["Authorization"] = "bar"

      get :show

      expect(response).to have_http_status(:forbidden)
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

期望值匹配

rspec-rails 提供了许多自定义匹配器，其中大多数是 rspec 的用于 Rails 的断言装饰器。所以完全兼容 Rails 默认的断言方式。

关于兼容性，例如：

# rails 写法
assert_equal 403, response.status
assert_response 403
# rspec写法
expect(response).to have_http_status(403)

完全等价

Be_a_new 新建

四个 be_a_new 示例

# spec/models/widget_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe Widget do
  context "when initialized" do
    subject(:widget) { Widget.new }

    it "is a new widget" do
      expect(widget).to be_a_new(Widget)
    end

    it "is not a new string" do
      expect(widget).not_to be_a_new(String)
    end
  end

  context "when saved" do
    subject(:widget) { Widget.create }

    it "is not a new widget" do
      expect(widget).not_to be_a_new(Widget)
    end

    it "is not a new string" do
      expect(widget).not_to be_a_new(String)
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/models/widget_spec.rb

all 通过测试

Render_template

3 种 render_template 示例

# spec/controllers/gadgets_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe GadgetsController do
  describe "GET #index" do
    subject { get :index }

    it "renders the index template" do
      expect(subject).to render_template(:index)
      expect(subject).to render_template("index")
      expect(subject).to render_template("gadgets/index")
    end

    it "does not render a different template" do
      expect(subject).to_not render_template("gadgets/show")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/controllers/gadgets_spec.rb

all 通过测试

指定 layout

# spec/controllers/gadgets_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe GadgetsController do
  describe "GET #index" do
    subject { get :index }

    it "renders the application layout" do
      expect(subject).to render_template("layouts/application")
    end

    it "does not render a different layout" do
      expect(subject).to_not render_template("layouts/admin")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/controllers/gadgets_spec.rb

all 通过测试

视图中使用

# spec/views/gadgets/index.html.erb_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe "gadgets/index" do
  it "renders the index template" do
    assign(:gadgets, [Gadget.create!])
    render

    expect(view).to render_template(:index)
    expect(view).to render_template("index")
    expect(view).to render_template("gadgets/index")
  end

  it "does not render a different template" do
    expect(view).to_not render_template("gadgets/show")
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/views

all 通过测试

Redirect_to

4 种 redirect_to 示例

# spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe WidgetsController do

  describe "#create" do
    subject { post :create, :params => { :widget => { :name => "Foo" } } }

    it "redirects to widget_url(@widget)" do
      expect(subject).to redirect_to(widget_url(assigns(:widget)))
    end

    it "redirects_to :action => :show" do
      expect(subject).to redirect_to :action => :show,
                                     :id => assigns(:widget).id
    end

    it "redirects_to(@widget)" do
      expect(subject).to redirect_to(assigns(:widget))
    end

    it "redirects_to /widgets/:id" do
      expect(subject).to redirect_to("/widgets/#{assigns(:widget).id}")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$  rspec spec/controllers/widgets_controller_spec.rb

all 通过测试

have_http_status

检查数字状态码

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do

  controller do
    def index
      render :json => {}, :status => 209
    end
  end

  describe "GET #index" do
    it "returns a 209 custom status code" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to have_http_status(209)
    end
  end

end

运行测试

$  rspec spec

all 通过测试

检查符号状态码

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do

  controller do
    def index
      render :json => {}, :status => :see_other
    end
  end

  describe "GET #index" do
    it "returns a :see_other status code" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to have_http_status(:see_other)
    end
  end

end

运行测试

$  rspec spec

all 通过测试

检查通用符号状态类型

# spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe ApplicationController, :type => :controller do

  controller do
    def index
      render :json => {}, :status => :bad_gateway
    end
  end

  describe "GET #index" do
    it "returns a some type of error status code" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to have_http_status(:error)
    end
  end

end

运行测试

$  rspec spec

all 通过测试

在控制器中使用

# spec/controllers/gadgets_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe GadgetsController, :type => :controller do

  describe "GET #index" do
    it "returns a 200 OK status" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
    end
  end

end

运行测试

$  rspec spec/controllers/gadgets_spec.rb

all 通过测试

在 request 中使用

# spec/requests/gadgets/widget_management_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe "Widget management", :type => :request do

  it "creates a Widget and redirects to the Widget's page" do
    get "/widgets/new"
    expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)

    post "/widgets", :params => { :widget => {:name => "My Widget"} }
    expect(response).to have_http_status(302)

    follow_redirect!

    expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
  end

end

运行测试

$  rspec spec/requests

all 通过测试

在 feature 中使用

# spec/features/widget_management_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.feature "Widget management", :type => :feature do

  scenario "User creates a new widget" do
    visit "/widgets/new"
    expect(page).to have_http_status(200)

    click_button "Create Widget"

    expect(page).to have_http_status(:success)
  end

end

运行测试

$  rspec spec/features/widget_management_spec.rb

all 通过测试

match_array

实例

# spec/models/widget_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe Widget do
  let!(:widgets) { Array.new(3) { Widget.create } }

  subject { Widget.all }

  it "returns all widgets in any order" do
    expect(subject).to match_array(widgets)
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/models/widget_spec.rb

all 通过测试

Have_been_enqueued

检查指定的任务是否在排队

检查任务的类名

# spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe UploadBackupsJob do
  it "matches with enqueued job" do
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :test
    UploadBackupsJob.perform_later
    expect(UploadBackupsJob).to have_been_enqueued
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb

all 通过测试

检查任务传参

# spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe UploadBackupsJob do
  it "matches with enqueued job" do
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :test
    UploadBackupsJob.perform_later("users-backup.txt", "products-backup.txt")
    expect(UploadBackupsJob).to(
      have_been_enqueued.with("users-backup.txt", "products-backup.txt")
    )
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb

all 通过测试

检查任务排队时间

# spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb"
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe UploadBackupsJob do
  it "matches with enqueued job" do
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :test
    UploadBackupsJob.set(:wait_until => Date.tomorrow.noon).perform_later
    expect(UploadBackupsJob).to have_been_enqueued.at(Date.tomorrow.noon)
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb

all 通过测试

检查没有等待的工作

# spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe UploadBackupsJob do
  it "matches with enqueued job" do
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :test
    UploadBackupsJob.perform_later
    expect(UploadBackupsJob).to have_been_enqueued.at(:no_wait)
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb

all 通过测试

检查任务队列名称

# spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb" with:
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe UploadBackupsJob do
  it "matches with enqueued job" do
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :test
    UploadBackupsJob.perform_later
    expect(UploadBackupsJob).to have_been_enqueued.on_queue("default")
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb

all 通过测试

Have_been_performed

检查任务是否已经执行

检查任务类名

# spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe UploadBackupsJob do
  it "matches with performed job" do
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :test
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.perform_enqueued_jobs = true
    UploadBackupsJob.perform_later
    expect(UploadBackupsJob).to have_been_performed
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb

all 通过测试

检查任务参数

# spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe UploadBackupsJob do
  it "matches with performed job" do
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :test
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.perform_enqueued_jobs = true
    UploadBackupsJob.perform_later("users-backup.txt", "products-backup.txt")
    expect(UploadBackupsJob).to(
      have_been_performed.with("users-backup.txt", "products-backup.txt")
    )
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb

all 通过测试

检查任务执行时间

# spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe UploadBackupsJob do
  it "matches with performed job" do
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :test
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.perform_enqueued_jobs = true
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.perform_enqueued_at_jobs = true
    UploadBackupsJob.set(:wait_until => Date.tomorrow.noon).perform_later
    expect(UploadBackupsJob).to have_been_performed.at(Date.tomorrow.noon)
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb

all 通过测试

检查任务队列名

# spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe UploadBackupsJob do
  it "matches with performed job" do
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :test
    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.perform_enqueued_jobs = true
    UploadBackupsJob.perform_later
    expect(UploadBackupsJob).to have_been_performed.on_queue("default")
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/jobs/upload_backups_job_spec.rb

all 通过测试

request rspec

Request spec

使用 Rails 内部方法管理 Widget

# spec/requests/widget_management_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe "Widget management", :type => :request do

  it "creates a Widget and redirects to the Widget's page" do
    get "/widgets/new"
    expect(response).to render_template(:new)

    post "/widgets", :params => { :widget => {:name => "My Widget"} }

    expect(response).to redirect_to(assigns(:widget))
    follow_redirect!

    expect(response).to render_template(:show)
    expect(response.body).to include("Widget was successfully created.")
  end

  it "does not render a different template" do
    get "/widgets/new"
    expect(response).to_not render_template(:show)
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/requests/widget_management_spec.rb

all 通过测试

发送 json 请求数据

# spec/requests/widget_management_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe "Widget management", :type => :request do

  it "creates a Widget" do
    # 设置请求头
    headers = { "ACCEPT" => "application/json" }
    # 设置响应数据格式
    post "/widgets", :params => { :widget => {:name => "My Widget"} }, :headers => headers

    expect(response.content_type).to eq("application/json")
    expect(response).to have_http_status(:created)
  end

end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/requests/widget_management_spec.rb

all 通过测试

请求 json 响应数据

# spec/requests/widget_management_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe "Widget management", :type => :request do
  it "creates a Widget" do
    headers = { "ACCEPT" => "application/json" }
    post "/widgets", :params => { :widget => {:name => "My Widget"} }, :headers => headers

    expect(response.content_type).to eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
    expect(response).to have_http_status(:created)
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/requests/widget_management_spec.rb

all 通过测试

请求 json 数据

# spec/requests/widget_management_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe "Widget management", :type => :request do

  it "creates a Widget and redirects to the Widget's page" do
    # 设置请求数据的格式
    headers = { "CONTENT_TYPE" => "application/json" }
    post "/widgets", :params => '{ "widget": { "name":"My Widget" } }', :headers => headers
    expect(response).to redirect_to(assigns(:widget))
  end

end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/requests/widget_management_spec.rb

all 通过测试

使用路由辅助方法

# spec/requests/widgets_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

# 简单的 Rails engine
module MyEngine
  class Engine < ::Rails::Engine
    isolate_namespace MyEngine
  end

  class LinksController < ::ActionController::Base
    def index
      render plain: 'hit_engine_route'
    end
  end
end

MyEngine::Engine.routes.draw do
  resources :links, :only => [:index]
end

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  mount MyEngine::Engine => "/my_engine"
end

module MyEngine
  RSpec.describe "Links", :type => :request do
    include Engine.routes.url_helpers

    it "redirects to a random widget" do
      # 允许使用 辅助方法访问
      get links_path
      expect(response.body).to eq('hit_engine_route')
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

Mailer specs

URL helpers

使用 url 辅助方法的默认参数

# config/initializers/mailer_defaults.rb
Rails.configuration.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => 'example.com' }


# spec/mailers/notifications_spec.rb
require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe NotificationsMailer, :type => :mailer do
  it 'should have access to URL helpers' do
    expect { gadgets_url }.not_to raise_error
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

使用 url 辅助方法，不使用默认参数

# config/initializers/mailer_defaults.rb
# no default options

#spec/mailers/notifications_spec.rb
require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe NotificationsMailer, :type => :mailer do
  it 'should have access to URL helpers' do
    expect { gadgets_url :host => 'example.com' }.not_to raise_error
    expect { gadgets_url }.to raise_error
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

Mailer

简单实例

# spec/mailers/notifications_mailer_spec.rb" with:
require "rails_helper"

# 最外层的架构快
# RSpec.describe 类名, :type => :类型 do
RSpec.describe NotificationsMailer, :type => :mailer do
  # 一个 describe 块
  describe "notify" do
    let(:mail) { NotificationsMailer.signup }
  # 一个测试用例
    it "renders the headers" do
      # expect(值).to eq(等于的值)
      expect(mail.subject).to eq("Signup")
      expect(mail.to).to eq(["[email protected]"])
      expect(mail.from).to eq(["[email protected]"])
    end
  # 一个测试用例
    it "renders the body" do
      expect(mail.body.encoded).to match("Hi")
    end
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec

all 通过测试

File fixture

Rails 5 新增 file fixture 对象。

稳进默认存储路径：spec/fixtures/files

File fixtures 代表了 +Pathname+ 对象，使用很简单。

实例：

file_fixture("example.txt").read # get the file's content
file_fixture("example.mp3").size # get the file size

通过配置可以改变默认文件位置

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.file_fixture_path = "spec/custom_directory"
end

读取文件内容

# spec/fixtures/files/sample.txt
Hello


# spec/lib/file_spec.rb
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe "file" do
  it "reads sample file" do
    #期待.读取文件的内容.为 等于("hello")
    expect(file_fixture("sample.txt").read).to eq("Hello")
  end
end

运行测试

$ rspec spec/lib/file_spec.rb

all 通过测试

20 个赞

xiang #1 2021年05月14日

imanner #2 2021年05月14日

对

xiang 回复

ken #3 2021年05月15日

好长，给点赞了。

imanner #4 2021年05月16日

对

ken 回复

pynix #5 2021年05月16日

用什么 spec 框架都行，关键要有覆盖率。

imanner #6 2021年05月16日

对

pynix 回复

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Gem rspec5 一览大文

Gem rspec5 一览大文

安装

添加到 Gemfile

安装

初始化成为默认测试框架

运行测试

或者

测试框架

内置创建器

事务

禁用事务

利用 before 关键字实现自动回滚的控制

目录结构建议

rspec 的目录规范

自动识别类型

建议

场景

Backtrace 过滤

局部使用 filter_rails_from_backtrace!

为模型编写 rspec

事务的例子

支持 double

为控制器编写 rspec

controller 相关

指定具体的视图文件

匹配渲染绘图内容

匿名控制器

忽略 rescue

背景

路由控制

Cookies

设置请求头

期望值匹配

Be_a_new 新建

Render_template

Redirect_to

have_http_status

match_array

Have_been_enqueued

Have_been_performed

request rspec

Request spec

Mailer specs

URL helpers

Mailer

File fixture

利用 `before` 关键字实现自动回滚的控制

局部使用 `filter_rails_from_backtrace!`