新手问题 在 Aliyun ECS 上用 Nginx + Passenger 部署 Rails 应用时安装 Passenger 的问题
第一次部署 Rails 应用，参照资料 1 资料 2 资料 3 资料 4等资料在服务器上装好了 ruby, rvm, 相关依赖等，但在安装 passenger 时，参照此官方文档，安装了秘钥和 HTTP 支持，也添加了 APT 源：
sudo sh -c 'echo deb https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/passenger.list'
但在执行 sudo apt-get update时遇到以下错误：
Hit:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-proposed InRelease [253 kB]
……
……
Get:45 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-proposed/universe i386 Packages [31.6 kB]
Get:46 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-proposed/universe Translation-en [12.9 kB]
Ign:47 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial InRelease
Ign:48 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial Release
Ign:49 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main amd64 Packages
Ign:50 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main i386 Packages
Ign:51 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main all Packages
Ign:52 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en_US
Ign:53 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en
Ign:49 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main amd64 Packages
Ign:50 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main i386 Packages
Ign:51 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main all Packages
Ign:52 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en_US
Ign:53 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en
Ign:49 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main amd64 Packages
Ign:50 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main i386 Packages
Ign:51 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main all Packages
Ign:52 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en_US
Ign:53 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en
Ign:49 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main amd64 Packages
Ign:50 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main i386 Packages
Ign:51 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main all Packages
Ign:52 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en_US
Ign:53 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en
Ign:49 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main amd64 Packages
Ign:50 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main i386 Packages
Ign:51 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main all Packages
Ign:52 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en_US
Ign:53 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en
Err:49 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main amd64 Packages
Bad header line
Ign:50 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main i386 Packages
Ign:51 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main all Packages
Ign:52 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en_US
Ign:53 https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial/main Translation-en
Fetched 6,467 kB in 2min 3s (52.4 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
W: The repository 'https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: Failed to fetch https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger/dists/xenial/main/binary-amd64/Packages Bad header line
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
与 passenger 相关的都是 Ign 或者 Err 了，然后报的Bad header line也不知道是怎么回事，总之到apt-get update这步永远也不能成功执行。
服务器系统是 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS，我在本地物理机上相同系统也试了，没有出现这个问题，passenger 可以成功安装，所以应该不是服务器系统或者 APT 源的问题。有人遇到过这种情况吗，google, stackoverflow 试了各种方法折腾了一天一夜也没解决，准备放弃 改用 Puma 了。BTW，用老的方法passenger-install-nginx-module也不行，downloading Nginx 之后就会卡住不动了。
说说我前段时间碰到的类似问题，希望对你有帮助。当时也是装第三方 apt 源不成功，不过错误类型是 apt-get update 报 403。后来发现是阿里云的主机对 apt 配置了代理，应该是为了让内网机器访问自家的源加速，但影响了第三方源的获取。
代理配置在 /etc/apt/apt.conf 里，把它注释掉再 update 就没问题了，注释用 # 号：
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://mirrors.aliyun.com/";
#1 楼 @darkbaby123
你的方法完美解决了我的问题，真的太感谢你了！
回想起来，之前试了其他的 apt 源也是全部不能用，只有阿里云的能够用，应该就是被限制了，但一直没找到解决方法。
I really appreciate u that ur solution fixed my problem perfectly and it works! It reminds me that I have tried many other apt repositories before, but no one works, except Aliyun. So it should be restricted but i cannot find any solution until saw your reply.
