作者是 engine yard 上的 Evan Machnic. 关于在 window 上做 ruby on rails，无论是出自偏爱还是被迫，都值得赞叹支持，并乐见其成，至于自己用什么，仍然是自己做主。这种心态应成为一种品质，而不是原教旨般的偏执狂. 仍在 windows 下努力的人们，支持你们，让更多的 win 平台的人更容易接触和学习 ror，也让 ror 更有活力更大的世界，加油！
Rails Development on Windows. Seriously.
I love Windows. I love how stupidly easy it is for browsing the web, checking email, or writing Word documents (if you actually still do that). I love that Windows is everywhere and even my grandmother can use it. At the same time, I also HATE Windows. If you're trying to program anything besides .NET, it's an uphill battle. The title of this post is 'Rails Development on Windows. Seriously.' I'm going to discuss the past, the present, and the future of being a Rails developer in a Windows world; and show you some of the tools you need to be successful.
The Past Don't tell anyone because it might ruin my street-cred, but I started programming Ruby on Rails in a Windows environment. At the time (fall 2008) I was using Windows Vista. Yes, you can all shudder in fear. As bad as that release was, I made the most of it. Having my only programming experience in a classroom-setting, I installed Aptana RadRails and hit the ground...stumbling. Back then, there were basically two ways to install Rails on Windows:
- Install JRuby and run on top of the Java Virtual Machine
- Download the RubyInstaller executable and the DevKit and install everything manually I had no idea what JRuby really was or why I needed it and I really wasn't sure what I was doing in the first place so I opted for option two. I think there may have been a way to install through RadRails but it was a craps-shoot if it worked properly. Everything installed fine and as long as you accepted all defaults then you were golden. Heaven help the programmer who wanted to install Ruby to a different path. The biggest problem with having to install Ruby this way is that if you didn't grab the DevKit, you couldn't build any C extensions. By the way, Ruby is written in C and there are a wealth of libraries that require C extensions to build correctly. For beginners to run into these errors when all they want to do is write a web app, this sucked.
The Present Let's fast-forward to 2012 and the biggest savior to Rails developers who want to use Windows is RailsInstaller, created and maintained by Wayne E. Seguin. If you don't know Wayne, he works non-stop on Ruby Version Manager, SM Framework, and RailsInstaller. He does it all for the good of the community, so buy him a beer next time you see him. RailsInstaller is an amazing piece of software because it packages up everything you need to start programming Ruby on Rails. Out of the box, you get Ruby, Rails, Bundler, Git, Sqlite, TinyTDS, the DevKit for those pesky C extensions, and you actually get support for SQLServer. Trying to hunt down all of these components and installing them separately is a nightmare.
The Future Honestly, I don't know what's in store for the future right now, but it has to be better than the past. We've come a long way and there's still a lot of work to be done. So you've installed RailsInstaller and now you have a Ruby on Rails environment but where do you go from here? What do I need? Here are some of the essential things you need to be a successful Rails developer in Windows Git If you aren't tracking your changes with Source Code Management, you need to get with the program. I don't care what anyone says, the best one is Git. The best thing about Git is that it's distributed. This means everyone has the full code repository so no waiting on the Subversion server! There's also Github and if you aren't familiar with it, it's amazing. Github brings a social aspect to coding and provides for easy collaboration. Honestly, I don't care what SCM you use as long as you use something. Quit creating index.html.old. That isn't reliable and if you use a code-hosting service, then you don't need to worry about your computer crashing. And we're running Windows so this is something we probably worry about a few times a day. Pik Ruby Version Manager, or RVM, is another exceptional tool written by Wayne. It makes it easy to manage different versions of Ruby, provides sandboxed environments for different projects, and allows people to test software compatibility. Unfortunately it doesn't run on Windows. The next best thing is a tool called Pik. Using Pik, you can install different versions of Ruby including JRuby and IronRuby. It doesn't have the bells-and-whistles that RVM does but trying to run mutliple Rubies without it would be a nightmare. You can grab Pik from the Github page. IDE or Text Editor Now you need a way to actually write your applications. No, we're not going to fire up Visual Studio; it doesn't tend to play well with Rails When choosing an editor, you can either go with a Text Editor or an Integrated Development Environment. All of the options I'll talk about run across platforms so you can use them on Windows, Mac, or Linux. IDEs If you're used to an all-in-one package, there are great offerings in JetBrains RubyMine and Aptana Studio. You have to pay for RubyMine but it is by far the most polished and has a ridiculous amount of features for editing, testing, and deploying your application. Aptana Studio is a free option and if you don't want to shell out the money for RubyMine, is a great alternative. It's built on top of Eclipse so the Java developers will feel right at home. Text Editors My favorite and the option chosen by most Rails developers is just a Text Editor. There are a few different options that I recommend but the one thing I don't is Notepad. Vim is tried and true and has been around forever. It's incredibly extensible, and very fast. People tend to say that learning Vim is hard but really there are a handful of commands to really need to know off the bat and the rest you can pick up as you go. The best thing about Vim is that you can launch it from the command line and start editing. SublimeText is something that has a pretty big following. It costs a little bit of money and has support for Ruby and Rails baked in. I definitely encourage you to check this one out. Redcar is a great editor that is actually written in Ruby. Because of this, extending it is easy since you can write the extensions and don't need to learn a separate syntax. Another nice thing is that Redcar has support for TextMate bundles so you can probably find extensions for anything you need. Learn something Rails has an incredible community. Learning how to write great Ruby on Rails applications has never been easier and there are resources for any type of learning style. Screencasts I have to mention Railscasts becuase the amount of knowledge is just amazing. Ryan Bates has been doing weekly screencasts on Rails topics since 2007(?). These are usually around 10-15 minutes and cover one thing each episode. If you want to learn how to add authenticationto your app quickly and easily, check out Railscasts. Tutorials By far, the best tutorial is RailsTutorial by Michael Hartl. He goes into detail on topics such as Ruby, Rails, and test-driven development. The HTML version of the book is free and you can also purchase the PDF. If you want even more instruction, he has some great screencasts there as well. You can find many more tutorials, screencasts and documentation at rubyonrails.org and by searching Google. Show the world So you've written your first Ruby on Rails application and you're wondering where to go from here. Let's share this really cool application with the rest of the world. Save yourself a headache and a lot of work and don't think about deploying to a Windows server. Thankfully, there are multiple Cloud Platform providers these days so you don't even need to set up your own server. I'm obviously biased towards Engine Yard but there are other options and you can see which one fits you better. Caveat There's one major thing to know when writing Rails apps on Windows and it mainly comes into play when working across platforms. Because many Windows requires binaries many times for the gems to work correctly, gem developers will release different versions for Unix and Windows. If you're deploying to a Unix environment, you'll need to make sure to install the Unix versions wherever you're deploying. Troubleshooting Inevitably, you're going to run into trouble. Even with all of the documentation available, you still sould know where to go for help.
Ruby on Rails Guides The Ruby on Rails Guides are exactly what they say. They're basically the official documentation for Rails. Often times they are a great starting point if you need reference for standard Rails topics. Forums If you need help on something out of the scope of the guides, a good forum is your next best place. StackOverflow is probably the widest used forum site for programming help. You can ask and answer questions and there is a point system for your activity. The questions are also indexed by Google so a well-formed Google search returns great results. IRC The place I go when everything else fails is IRC, which stands for Internet Relay Chat. IRC has been around for years and though I've never been a huge fan, you can talk with people in real time about your issues. If you're going to be in IRC rooms a lot, you need to find a good desktop client. I've used mIRC with decent success but I'm sure there are many more out there. Whichever you choose, there are a couple rooms that you need to hang out in: #Rails and #RailsInstaller.
What's next I know this seems like a lot of information up front and I could probably go into much more detail but I'm trying to save your sanity. If you want to check out the slides from my talk, you can go to emachnic.github.com/rails_dev_windows. The best thing you can do is get the software and start building something. You can read all of the books and watch all the screencasts you want but until you build a real application, the information won't stick. If you need help, use the resources and you can find me online everywhere as emachnic. Good luck and most important, HAVE FUN!
I'd like to thank everyone on the RailsInstaller and RubyInstaller teams (Wayne E. Seguin, Luis Lavena, Ken Collins, etc.), as well as anyone who has contributed to make Rails development on Windows at least somewhat bearable. This road would be much harder without your help and every developer owes you a debt of gratitude.
