caiqinghua (lin)

Rails I18n en.yml 缺失本地开发调试环境和部署后表现不一致

caiqinghua — Mon, 10 Dec 2018 10:11:46 +0800

问题：config.i18n.default_locale = :'zh-CN'，本地调试和部署，i18n 结果不一致

en.yml en:

zh-CN.yml

zh-CN: account: all: 所有

= t('account.all')

本地调试切换到 en 显示：All

部署切换到 en 显示：所有

问题解决方案： config.i18n.default_locale = :en 部署和本地一致

Rails 部署后不能启动问题定位方法

caiqinghua — Tue, 10 Nov 2015 00:20:49 +0800

最近部署 rails 项目，遇到多起部署后不能访问的问题，记录一下排查方法

查看 nginx 日志

tail -f -n 2000 /var/log/nginx/error.log
tail -f -n 2000 /var/log/nginx/access.log

查看 unicorn 日志

tail -f -n 2000 path/to/current_project/log/unicorn.log

E, [2015-11-09T23:29:51.154676 #18211] ERROR -- : app error: Missing `secret_token` and `secret_key_base` for 'production' environment, set these values in `config/secrets.yml` (RuntimeError)

查看 sidekiq 日志

`tail -f -n 2000 path/to/current_project/log/sidekiq.log

查看 rails 运行日志

tail -f -n 2000 path/to/current_project/log/production.log

rake wechat:menu_create 提示 invalid sub button key size (40026) 错误

caiqinghua — Wed, 26 Aug 2015 00:16:03 +0800

出错信息

使用 wechat gem 包

deploy@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~/weishop_deploy/current$ RAILS_ENV=production rake wechat:menu_create rake aborted! Wechat::ResponseError: invalid sub button key size(40026) /home/deploy/weishop_deploy/releases/290/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/bundler/gems/wechat-rails-5618101f1b41/lib/wechat/client.rb:42:in block in request' /home/deploy/weishop_deploy/releases/290/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/bundler/gems/wechat-rails-5618101f1b41/lib/wechat/client.rb:70:inparse_response' /home/deploy/weishop_deploy/releases/290/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/bundler/gems/wechat-rails-5618101f1b41/lib/wechat/client.rb:31:in request' /home/deploy/weishop_deploy/releases/290/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/bundler/gems/wechat-rails-5618101f1b41/lib/wechat/client.rb:19:inpost' /home/deploy/weishop_deploy/releases/290/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/bundler/gems/wechat-rails-5618101f1b41/lib/wechat/api.rb:86:in block in post' /home/deploy/weishop_deploy/releases/290/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/bundler/gems/wechat-rails-5618101f1b41/lib/wechat/api.rb:92:inwith_access_token' /home/deploy/weishop_deploy/releases/290/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/bundler/gems/wechat-rails-5618101f1b41/lib/wechat/api.rb:86:in post' /home/deploy/weishop_deploy/releases/290/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/bundler/gems/wechat-rails-5618101f1b41/lib/wechat/api.rb:37:inmenu_create' /home/deploy/weishop_deploy/releases/290/lib/tasks/wechat.rake:7:in `block (2 levels) in ' Tasks: TOP => wechat:menu_create (See full trace by running task with --trace)

原因：

点击类别的菜单设置了一个网址，超出了最大长度。

代码修改：

wechat_menu.yaml

:name: "商城" :sub_button:
- :type: click :name: "商城首页" :url: 'http://staging.geizan.com.cn/'

把 click 改为 view 即可解决问题

杂记

PG::InFailedSqlTransaction at /admin/products/000/variants ERROR: current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block

google: PG::FeatureNotSupported: ERROR: cached plan must not change result type http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2783813/postgres-8-3-error-cached-plan-must-not-change-result-type 重启 rails 服务即可

rails 数据检验在什么时候执行？

caiqinghua — Thu, 23 Jul 2015 11:37:33 +0800

一、先上代码

class Variant
    validate :check_price

      # Ensures a new variant takes the product master price when price is not supplied
      def check_price
        if price.nil? && Config[:require_master_price]
          raise 'No master variant found to infer price' unless (product && product.master)
          raise 'Must supply price for variant or master.price for product.' if self == product.master
          self.price = product.master.price
        end
        if currency.nil?
          self.currency = Config[:currency]
        end
      end

class LineItem
    belongs_to :variant, inverse_of: :line_items

    before_validation :copy_price

    def copy_price
      if variant
        update_price if price.nil?
        self.cost_price = variant.cost_price if cost_price.nil?
        self.currency = variant.currency if currency.nil?
      end
    end

二、数据库

variant 数据库列中没有 currency 列

+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------------+-----------+------------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------+
| id | sku       | weight | height | width | depth | deleted_at | is_master | product_id | cost_price | cost_cu... | position | track_in... | tax_cat... | updated_at  | stock_i... |
+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------------+-----------+------------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------+
| 1  | R00011 | 0.0    |        |       |       |            | true      | 1          | 17.0       | USD        | 2        | true        |            | 2015-07-... | 1          |
+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+------------+-----------+------------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------+
1 row in set

三、Active Record 数据验证

以下方法会做数据验证，如果验证失败就不会把对象存入数据库： create create! save save! update update!

四、问题

问题：variant 数据库列中没有 currency 列，所以不能持久化，但是 LineItem 中能使用 variant.currency，难道每次 variant 数据出库会执行 validate :check_price 吗？ validate :check_price 在数据创建和读取都会调用吗？read 方法也会执行数据验证吗？

rails delegate 代理如何验证？代理端需要验证吗？怎么验证？

caiqinghua — Thu, 16 Jul 2015 11:37:16 +0800

class Company < ActiveRecord::Base

  belongs_to :user

  delegate :mobile, :mobile=, :to => :user
  delegate :real_name, :real_name=, :to => :user
  delegate :nickname, :to => :user
  delegate :purchase_amount_total, :to => :user

  validates :user, presence: true
  validates :real_name, presence: true
  validates :mobile, presence: true, mobile: true

mobile 怎么验证？

赶脚我写的是 C 代码，怎么改善为 Rails 风格？

caiqinghua — Thu, 16 Jul 2015 10:15:46 +0800

def has_staff_with_role?(role_name)
    staffs.each do |staff|
      if staff.has_role?(role_name)
        return true
      end
    end
    return false
  end

两种 where 查找，哪种更 Rails 风格一点？

caiqinghua — Wed, 15 Jul 2015 15:09:00 +0800

@staffs = Staff.where(company: current_company)
@staffs = Staff.where(company_id: current_company.id)

用 FactoryGirl seed 改善重复创建问题和用例执行慢的问题

caiqinghua — Wed, 15 Jul 2015 11:17:04 +0800

本文上下文环境

Rails 测试驱动开发 Factory Girl 用例重构实践

factory_girl-seeds 简介

factory_girl-seeds github 官网

FactoryGirl Seeds Don't like factory_girl because it is slow? Do you know that creating records in DB through factory_girl can take up to 50% of total spec run time? And even more!

This tiny gem helps fix that problem by reusing data preloaded before running test suite.

好处：

加快用例执行速度
对我们的附加作用：解决重复创建问题

用 factory_girl-seeds 重构代码前后比较

重构后代码

spec/support/login_helpers.rb

module LoginHelpers

  def login_staff
    before(:each) do
      staff = create(:staff)
      controller.send(:login_as, staff)
    end
  end

  def login_user
    before(:each) do
      user = create(:user)
      controller.send(:login_as, user)
    end
  end

  def login_as_seller_user
    before(:each) do
      user = seed(:seller_user)
      controller.send(:login_as, user)
    end
  end

  def login_super_admin
    before(:each) do
      super_admin = seed(:super_admin)
      controller.send(:login_as, super_admin)
    end
  end

  def login_h_company_admin_staff
    before(:each) do
      h_company_admin_staff = seed(:h_company_admin_staff)
      controller.send(:login_as, h_company_admin_staff)
    end
  end

  def login_h_company_normal_staff
    before(:each) do
      b_company_normal_staff = seed(:h_company_normal_staff)
      controller.send(:login_as, b_company_normal_staff)
    end
  end

end

FactoryGirl.define do

  factory :staff, aliases: [:random_staff] do
    mobile
    password '1' * 6
    name { generate(:random_name) }

    trait :super_admin do
      after(:create) { |staff| staff.add_role(seed(:staff_super_admin_role).name) }
    end

    trait :company_admin do
      after(:create) { |staff| staff.add_role(seed(:staff_company_admin_role).name) }
    end

    trait :normal_staff do
      after(:create) { |staff| staff.add_role(seed(:staff_normal_role).name) }
    end

    trait :h_company do 
      after(:create) do |staff|
        staff.company = seed(:h_company)
        staff.save
      end
    end

    trait :b_company do 
      after(:create) do |staff| 
        staff.company = seed(:b_company) 
        staff.save
      end
    end

    factory :super_admin, traits: [:super_admin, :h_company]

    factory :h_company_admin_staff, traits: [:h_company, :company_admin]
    factory :h_company_normal_staff, traits: [:h_company, :normal_staff]

    factory :b_company_admin_staff, traits: [:b_company, :company_admin]
    factory :b_company_normal_staff, traits: [:b_company, :normal_staff]

  end
end

spec/rails_helper.rb

config.before(:suite) do
    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
    DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
    prepare_factory_girl_seed_data
  end

def prepare_factory_girl_seed_data
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:user_role_h)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:user_role_b)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:user_role_t)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:user_role_c)

  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:h_user)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:b_user)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:t_user)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:c_user)

  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:h_company)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:b_company)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:terminal_company)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:cloud_company)

  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:staff_super_admin_role)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:staff_company_admin_role)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:staff_normal_role)

  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:super_admin)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:h_company_admin_staff)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:h_company_normal_staff)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:b_company_admin_staff)
  FactoryGirl::SeedGenerator.create(:b_company_normal_staff)
end

Rails 测试驱动开发 Factory Girl 用例重构实践

caiqinghua — Wed, 15 Jul 2015 11:09:45 +0800

写在前面

一个理科生，没什么文化功底，写的不好，大家多多鼓励，希望能每每有心得或者学到新东西都分享给大家。重构中还有很多细节不知道怎么表达出来，因为是事后回忆重构过程，所以贴的代码和过程可能有点乱，各位看官要有点耐心。

先写个重构要点吧，以免看不到文章最后的同学，可以知道本文主要讲些啥玩意

在 data_help 中准备好测试数据，避免测试过程创建数据重复问题
用 find_by 先查找数据库解决数据重复创建问题
用 traits 解决数据排列组合问题
用 factory girl seed 改善重复创建问题和用例执行慢的问题

一、本文测试对象介绍

开发员工管理的特性，基本功能：

超级管理员能管理所有员工
公司管理员能管理本公司的所有员工
一般员工只能管理自己

二、本文涉及的对象

员工角色

超级管理员
公司管理员
一般员工

公司

总公司
子公司

三、初始代码

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe Cpanel::StaffsController, type: :controller do

  login_staff
  describe "GET #index" do
    it "returns http success" do
      get :index
      expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
    end

    it "super admin can see all the staffs" do 
      admin = create(:admin)
      get :index
      expect(assigns(:staffs)).to match_array(Staff.all)
    end

    it "company admin can see all the staffs in the company" do
      staff = create(:staff_jack)
      get :index
      expect(assigns(:staffs)).to match_array(Staff.where(company: staff.company))
    end

    it "normal staff can only see himself" do
    end
  end

  describe "GET #new" do
    .....
  end

  describe "staffs associate shops" do
    it "a staff associate with no shop" do
      staff = create(:staff_jack)
      expect(staff.name).to eq "jack"

      staff.shops = Shop.find([])
      expect(staff.shops.count).to eq 0
    end

    .....

  end

end

存在的问题

describe "staffs associate shops" 属于 model 测试，应该移到 model 测试文件中
index 测试用登录有问题 login_staff，用的同一个用户登录

四、重构一：超级管理员，公司管理员和普通员工分别登录测试

RSpec.describe Cpanel::StaffsController, type: :controller do

  describe "GET #index" do

    describe "render index" do
      login_super_admin
      it "returns http success" do
        get :index
        expect(response).to have_http_status(:success)
      end
    end

    describe "super admin render index" do
      login_super_admin
      it "can manage all staffs" do   
        get :index
        expect(assigns(:staffs)).to match_array(Staff.all)
      end
    end

    describe "company admin render index" do
      login_head_company_admin_staff
      it "can manage all staffs in the company" do            
        get :index
        expect(assigns(:staffs)).to match_array(Staff.where(company: seed(:head_company)))
      end

      it "can not manage the staffs from other company" do 
        get :index
        expect(assigns(:staffs)).not_to include(Staff.where(company: seed(:branch_company)))
      end
    end

    describe "normal staff render index" do
      login_head_company_normal_staff
      it "can only manage himself" do 
        get :index
        expect(assigns(:staffs)).to match_array(seed(:head_company_normal_staff))
        expect(assigns(:staffs).size).to eq(1)
      end
    end
  end

问题 login_super_admin 角色创建重复了

五、重构二：解决 login_super_admin 中重复创建 staff_super_admin_role 问题

重构前代码

staffs.rb
factory :super_admin, class: Staff do
    name 'super_admin'
    mobile '13600000001'
    password '1' * 6

    before(:create) do |staff|
      staff.staff_roles = [ create(:staff_super_admin_role) ]
    end
  end


def login_super_admin
     before(:each) do
       staff = FactoryGirl.create(:super_admin)
       controller.send(:login_as, staff)
     end
 end

解决办法：在 Datahelps 中统一准备好测试数据，避免重复重建

重构后代码

module DataHelpers

  def set_staffs
    before(:each) do
      @super_admin_role = create(:staff_super_admin_role)
      @company_admin_role = create(:staff_company_admin_role)
      @normal_staff_role = create(:staff_normal_role)

      @head_company = create(:head_company)
      @branch_company = create(:branch_company) 

      @super_admin = create(:super_admin)
      @super_admin.add_role(@super_admin_role.name)

      @head_company_admin_staff = create(:head_company_admin_staff)
      @head_company_admin_staff.add_role(@company_admin_role.name)
      @head_company_admin_staff.company = @head_company

      @head_company_normal_staff = create(:head_company_normal_staff)
      @head_company_normal_staff.add_role(@normal_staff_role.name)
      @head_company_normal_staff.company = @head_company

      @branch_company_admin_staff = create(:branch_company_admin_staff)
      @branch_company_admin_staff.add_role(@company_admin_role.name)
      @branch_company_admin_staff.company = @branch_company

      @branch_company_normal_staff = create(:branch_company_normal_staff)
      @branch_company_normal_staff.add_role(@normal_staff_role.name)
      @branch_company_normal_staff.company = @branch_company

    end
  end

end

六、重构三：用 traits 解决排列组合数据问题（ps.用 find_by 先查找数据库解决数据重复创建问题）

重构前的问题

@head_company_admin_staff = create(:head_company_admin_staff)
      @head_company_admin_staff.add_role(@company_admin_role.name)
      @head_company_admin_staff.company = @head_company

仔细查看重构二步骤中的 set_staffs 代码，如何增加一个 staff 的区域属性，发现需要修改多个地方，需要继续改善。

重构后代码

spec/factories/staffs.rb

FactoryGirl.define do

  factory :staff, aliases: [:random_staff] do
    mobile
    password '1' * 6
    name { generate(:random_name) }

    trait :super_admin do
      after(:create) do |staff| 
        super_admin = StaffRole.find_by(name: 'super_admin') || FactoryGirl.create(:staff_super_admin_role)
        staff.add_role(super_admin.name) 
      end
    end

    trait :company_admin do
      after(:create) do |staff| 
        company_admin = StaffRole.find_by(name: 'company_admin') || FactoryGirl.create(:staff_company_admin_role)
        staff.add_role(company_admin.name) 
      end
    end

    trait :normal_staff do
      after(:create) do |staff| 
        normal_staff = StaffRole.find_by(name: 'normal_staff') || FactoryGirl.create(:staff_normal_role)
        staff.add_role(normal_staff.name) 
      end
    end

    trait :head_company do 
      after(:create) do |staff|
        staff.company = Company.find_by(name: 'head_company') || FactoryGirl.create(:head_company)
      end
    end

    trait :branch_company do 
      after(:create) do |staff|
        staff.company = Company.find_by(name: 'branch_company') || FactoryGirl.create(:branch_company)
      end
    end

  end
end

spec/support/data_helpers.rb 

module DataHelpers

....
  def set_staffs
    before(:each) do 
      @super_admin = create :staff, :super_admin, :head_company
      @head_company_admin_staff = create :staff, :company_admin, :head_company
      @head_company_normal_staff = create :staff, :normal_staff, :head_company
      @branch_company_admin_staff = create :staff, :company_admin, :branch_company
      @branch_company_normal_staff = create :staff, :normal_staff, :branch_company
    end
  end

end

重构四：用 factory girl seed 改善重复创建问题和用例执行慢的问题

用 factory girl seed 改善重复创建问题和用例执行慢的问题

删除 GitHub 远程仓库中 master 分支的多个提交

caiqinghua — Fri, 03 Jul 2015 17:48:48 +0800

一、本地切换到 master 分支

git checkout master

二、新建 old_master 分支备份，以防万一

git branch old_master git push origin old_master:old_master 将本地 old_master 分支推送到远程 old_master 打开 github repo，查看 old_master 是否和 master 一致。

三、删除远程 master 分支

设置 github 中默认分支为非 master 分支，否则，下一步删除操作被 github 禁止，github 不能删除默认分支删除远程的 master 分支 (注意 master 前有个:) git push origin :master

四、版本回退并重新创建远程 master 分支

本地仓库彻底回退到某一个版本 git reset --hard commit_sha(for example: a10801cc21c2dd4e6fb2d1fdcd6e1ac4fbbfebcf) git push origin master

五、通知项目组同事本地 master 同步远程 master 分支

git reset --hard origin/master

metaclass model, tainting, reflection, and marshaling 各自能解决什么问题？

caiqinghua — Fri, 03 Jul 2015 09:01:30 +0800

1. 中文怎么翻译？

the metaclass model：元编程模型？
tainting：？？？？？
reflection：反射？
marshaling：？？？？

2. 各自能解决为什么问题？

Rack 在整个 Ruby Web 系统中处于什么位置？

caiqinghua — Wed, 17 Jun 2015 15:03:41 +0800

RACK 具体作用是什么，在整个 ruby web 系统中 rack 处于什么位置？rails 是怎么使用 rack 的？

一、RACK 基本信息

RACK 官网 http://rack.github.io/ RACK spec http://www.rubydoc.info/github/rack/rack/master/file/SPEC Rack: a Ruby Webserver Interface Rack powers web applications Rack provides a minimal interface between webservers that support Ruby and Ruby frameworks.

To use Rack, provide an "app": an object that responds to the call method, taking the environment hash as a parameter, and returning an Array with three elements:

The HTTP response code A Hash of headers The response body, which must respond to each You can handle an app directly:

二、RACK 具体作用是什么？

三、在非 ruby 技术，和 RACK 类似功能的是哪些东东？php java 用什么取代 rack？

四、有没有介绍 web 各种技术的体系结构资料推荐？

如何优雅地把 Hash 参数传递给 JavaScript

caiqinghua — Mon, 15 Jun 2015 18:49:01 +0800

方法一、 https://ruby-china.org/topics/9844

<input type="hidden" id="order_app_id" value="<%= @order_params[‘appId’] %>"/>
<input type="hidden" id="order_time_stamp" value="<%= @order_params[‘timeStamp’] %>"/>

方法二、

<%= javascript_tag do %>
  var orderParams = {
    appId:     "<%= @order_params[:appId] %>",
    timeStamp: "<%= @order_params[:timeStamp] %>",
    nonceStr:  "<%= @order_params[:nonceStr] %>",
    package:   "<%= @order_params[:package] %>",
    signType:  "<%= @order_params[:signType] %>"
    paySign:   "<%= @order_params[:paySign] %>"
  };
<% end %>

方法三、ajax

def wechat_pay_js_params
    @params = {
        appid: 'wx7d32820a35d2458c',
        prepay_id: 'wx201506150843452f821f7b070705485969'
      }
    _prepay_id = @params[:prepay_id]
    @params = {
        appId: 'WxPay.appid',
        timeStamp: Time.now.to_i.to_s,
        nonceStr: SecureRandom.uuid.tr('-', ''),
        package: "prepay_id=#{_prepay_id}",
        signType: "MD5"
      }
    render json: @params
  end

$.ajax({
                url: '/users/wechat_pay_js_params',
                dataType: 'JSON',
                type: 'GET',
                success: function(response){
                    alert(response.appId);
                    if(response && response.appId){

                        WeixinJSBridge.invoke('getBrandWCPayRequest', response, function(res){
                            if(res.err_msg == "get_brand_wcpay_request:ok" ) {
                                window.location.href = '/orders/'+ response.orderNumber;
                            }
                            //使用以上方式判断前端返回,微信团队郑重提示：res.err_msg将在用户支付成功后返回ok，但并不保证它绝对可靠。
                            //因此微信团队建议，当收到ok返回时，向商户后台询问是否收到交易成功的通知，若收到通知，前端展示交易成功的界面；若此时未收到通知，商户后台主动调用查询订单$
                        });
                    }
                },
                error: function(err){
                    alert('ajax: error')
                    alert(err);
                    console.log(err);
                }
            });

别忘记设置路由

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  get '/users/wechat_pay_js_params', :to => "users#wechat_pay_js_params"
  resources :users

方法四、

WeixinJSBridge.invoke(
          'getBrandWCPayRequest',
          <%= raw @params %>,
          function (res) {
            if (res.err_msg == "get_brand_wcpay_request:ok") {
              window.location.href = '<%= wxpay_callback_order_path(@order) %>';
            } else if (res.err_msg == "get_brand_wcpay_request:cancel") {
              window.location.href = '<%= order_path(@order) %>';
            } else if (res.err_msg == "get_brand_wcpay_request:fail") {
              alert('系统错误');
            } else {
              alert('未知错误');
            }
          }
  );

你觉得哪种最优雅？还有其他方法吗？

UNICORN 和 NGINX 手动部署 rails 应用笔记

caiqinghua — Thu, 11 Jun 2015 10:38:30 +0800

内容概要

记录一个新手用 unicorn 和 nginx 部署 rails 应用的注意点。

一、unicorn 配置

root@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~# cat /home/deploy/weishop_origin/config/unicorn/origin.rb 
app_path = File.expand_path( File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', '..'))
worker_processes   1
timeout            180
listen             '/tmp/unicorn_origin.sock' #**unicorn配置中要用到这个配置**
pid                "#{app_path}/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid"
stderr_path        "log/unicorn.log"
stdout_path        "log/unicorn.log"

before_fork do |server, worker|
  if defined?(ActiveRecord::Base)
    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect!
  end

  old_pid = "#{server.config[:pid]}.oldbin"
  if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid
    begin
      Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i)
    rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH
      # someone else did our job for us
    end
  end
end

after_fork do |server, worker|
  if defined?(ActiveRecord::Base)
    ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection
  end
end

before_exec do |server| # 修正无缝重启unicorn后更新的Gem未生效的问题，原因是config/boot.rb会优先从ENV中获取BUNDLE_GEMFILE，而无缝重启时ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE']的值并未被清除，仍指向旧目录的Gemfile
  ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] = "#{app_path}/Gemfile"
end
root@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~#

二、nginx 配置

root@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/
origin.conf      production.conf  staging.conf     
root@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/origin.conf 
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name xxx.com;
  root /home/deploy/weishop/current/public;

  location ^~ /assets/ {
    gzip_static on;
    expires max;
    add_header Cache-Control public;
  }

  try_files $uri/index.html $uri @weishop;
  location @weishop {
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_pass http://weishop;
  }

  error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
  client_max_body_size 20M;
  keepalive_timeout 10;
}

upstream weishop {
    server unix:/tmp/unicorn_production.sock fail_timeout=0;    #*来自unicorn配置的socket路径*
}

三、注意点

@weishop要不和已有的配置冲突
unicorn 启动命令 unicorn -c config/unicorn/origin.rb -D
rails s -b 0.0.0.0 运行正常，但是用 unicorn+nginx 运行，访问没有 css 效果，估计是 asset 没有安装
重新执行如下命令，访问正常了。

bundle install --without development:test --path "./vendor/bundle" --deployment
RAILS_ENV="production" bundle exec rake db:migrate
RAILS_ENV="production" bundle exec rake assets:precompile RAILS_GROUPS=assets

访问遇到如下问题 Missing secret_token and secret_key_base for 'production' environment, set these values in config/secrets.yml 安装 figaro 在 Gemfile 中增加下行 gem figaro 在/config/application.yml 中加入 secret_key_base

执行 bundle install 再次执行 bundle install --without development:test --path "./vendor/bundle" --deployment kill unicorn 进程启动 unicorn 进程 RAILS_ENV="production" unicorn -c /home/deploy/weishop_origin/config/unicorn/origin.rb -E deployment -D

访问正常了

更改 sqlite 数据库为 mysql 数据库

先修改 config/database.yml

RAILS_ENV="production" rake db:create
RAILS_ENV="production" rake db:migrate
RAILS_ENV="production" rake db:seed
RAILS_ENV="production" rake spree_sample:load

更改 logo

Overriding images

Finally, images can be replaced by substituting the required file into the same path within your application or extension as the file you would like to replace.

For example, to replace the Spree logo you would simply copy your logo to: your_app/vendor/assets/images/logo/spree_50.png.

重新执行编译资源 RAILS_ENV="production" bundle exec rake assets:precompile RAILS_GROUPS=assets

*内存不够 deploy@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~/weishop_origin$ bundle install --without development:test --path "./vendor/bundle" --deployment Fetching source index from http://ruby.taobao.org/ /home/deploy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/bundler-1.9.9/lib/bundler/source/git/git_proxy.rb:118:in ``': Cannot allocate memory - git (Errno::ENOMEM)

kill 几个 unicorn 进程即可解决问题

还有很多知识待理解

bundle update --source spree_wechat_pay

Ruby 中冒号有多少种意思？

caiqinghua — Sun, 31 May 2015 15:50:38 +0800

一、问题

module Spree
  class Order < Spree::Base
    PAYMENT_STATES = %w(balance_due checkout completed credit_owed failed paid pending processing void).freeze
    SHIPMENT_STATES = %w(backorder canceled partial pending ready shipped).freeze

    extend FriendlyId
    friendly_id :number, slug_column: :number, use: :slugged

中 slug_column 后面的冒号什么意思？是 hash key 吗？ :key => value == key: value 这一行整体怎么解释？

已经求助亚飞，理解了 friendly_id( :number, {slug_column: :number, use: :slugged})

二、理解 symbol "some_string".object_id == "some_string".object_id #=> false :some_string.object_id == :some_string.object_id #=> true

这些冒号让我很困惑 https://ruby-china.org/topics/15540

三、跟在后面的冒号跟在后面的冒号表示什么意思？比如 routes.rb 里的"to:"里的冒号 https://ruby-china.org/topics/17907 还有 migration 里的”index:“等等，在前面是 symbol，但跟在后面是什么意思？

答案：:key => value == key: value 只是语法糖而已

四、where to use colon (:) and where to not use it? https://www.ruby-forum.com/topic/2551601 https://ruby-china.org/topics/25706

五、ruby 中冒号还有哪些用法？

手动部署 PostgreSQL+PUMA+NGINX RAILS 应用

caiqinghua — Wed, 27 May 2015 21:12:58 +0800

一、简介

本文介绍在 Ubuntu14.04 上，用 PostgreSQL+PUMA+NGINX 部署 rails 应用，本文纯属学习用，所以没有用 mina 等自动部署工具，适合和我一样的新手参考阅读；主要内容包括安装 rbenv，安装 ruby，安装 rails，安装 nodejs，安装 PostgreSQL，创建 rails 应用，安装 rbenv-vars 插件，运行创建的应用，安装配置 PUMA，安装配置 NGINX。

为什么选择 rbenv 安装 ruby

apt-get 安装的不是最新版本；源码编译安装各种问题，包括编译问题，安装依赖 rubygems.org，被墙等等问题； rbenv 安装 ruby 很顺畅，rbenv 可以安装和管理多个 ruby 版本，据说 rbenv 比 rvm 简单。

为什么选择 PostgreSQL

参考http://www.zhihu.com/question/20010554 http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2013/12/mysql-vs-postgresql

二、安装 rbenv

更新 apt-get

sudo apt-get update

安装 rben 和 ruby 的依赖

sudo apt-get install git-core curl zlib1g-dev build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev python-software-properties libffi-dev

安装 rbenv 和 ruby 编译插件参考：https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv.git .rbenv
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
exec $SHELL

git clone git://github.com/sstephenson/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
exec $SHELL

三、安装 ruby

到官网查看最新的稳定版本号 https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/ 当前最新的稳定版本为 2.2.2，我们选择 2.2.2。

rbenv install -v 2.2.1
rbenv global 2.2.1
ruby -v

ruby 安装完成，顺便把 bundler 也装好

gem install bundler

四、安装 rails

gem install rails -v 4.2.0
rbenv rehash
rails -v

五、安装 nodejs

sudo apt-get install nodejs

六、安装 PostgreSQL

sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib libpq-dev

七、创建 rails 应用并设置数据库用户和密码

创建rails应用
rails new pumarails -d postgresql --skip-bundle
cd pumarails
vi Gemfile
修改rubygems.org为ruby.taobao.org，为什么，新手，你也懂的
bundle install

创建postgresql超级用户（deploy是Ubuntu14.04的一个用户）
sudo -u postgres createuser -s deploy
进入设置deploy的密码
sudo -u postgres psql
\password deploy
退出
\q

配置数据库
vi config/database.yml

username: deploy
  password: <%= ENV['PUMARAILS_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

八、安装 rbenv-vars 插件

安装rbenv-vars插件
cd ~/.rbenv/plugins
git clone https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv-vars.git

设置数据库密码环境变量
cd ~/pumarails
rake secret
vi ~/.rbenv-vars
SECRET_KEY_BASE=copy_of_your_rake_secret_generated
PUMARAILS_DATABASE_PASSWORD=password_of_deploy_that_is_set_by_last_step(step 7)

查看设置的环境变量
rbenv vars

九、运行创建的应用

运行应用
RAILS_ENV=production rake db:create
rails generate scaffold Task title:string note:text
RAILS_ENV=production rake db:migrate
RAILS_ENV=production rails s -b 0.0.0.0

浏览器中打开
http://server_public_IP:3000/tasks

Ctrl+c 退出应用

十、安装配置 PUMA

vi Gemfile
增加一行
gem 'puma'
保存退出
bundle install

grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo
vi config/puma.rb

# Change to match your CPU core count
workers 2
修改workers后面的2为你的CPU核的个数

mkdir -p shared/pids shared/sockets shared/log

cd ~
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/puma/puma/master/tools/jungle/upstart/puma-manager.conf
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/puma/puma/master/tools/jungle/upstart/puma.conf

vi puma.conf

修改uid和gid为deploy
setuid deploy
setgid deploy

sudo cp puma.conf puma-manager.conf /etc/init

sudo vi /etc/puma.conf
加入下行，保存退出
/home/deploy/pumarails
sudo start puma-manager
sudo start puma app=/home/deploy/pumarails

十一、安装配置 NGINX

官方安装参考链接：http://wiki.nginx.org/Install

sudo -s
nginx=stable # use nginx=development for latest development version
add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/$nginx
apt-get update 
apt-get install nginx

sudo vi ~./nginx_puma_conf

copy 以下内容，保存退出

upstream app {
    # Path to Puma SOCK file, as defined previously
    server unix:/home/deploy/appname/shared/sockets/puma.sock fail_timeout=0;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;

    root /home/deploy/appname/public;

    try_files $uri/index.html $uri @app;

    location @app {
        proxy_pass http://app;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
    client_max_body_size 4G;
    keepalive_timeout 10;
}

sudo cp ~./nginx_puma_conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
sudo service nginx restart

浏览器访问http://server_public_IP/tasks

恭喜同是新手的你，你已经部署好了一个 rails 应用。

十二、总结

本文内容中的亮点 rbenv 安装 ruby，简单控制 ruby 版本 rbenv-vars，保证密码不被上传到代码库 puma，最新的 rails 并发工具 (大家自行去比较 Passenger or Unicorn)

参考教程：https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-deploy-a-rails-app-with-puma-and-nginx-on-ubuntu-14-04

如何定位 Puma + Nginx 部署问题 404 not found (on Ubuntu 14.04)

caiqinghua — Wed, 27 May 2015 17:21:54 +0800

参考如下教程，完成后访问显示 404 错误 https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-deploy-a-rails-app-with-puma-and-nginx-on-ubuntu-14-04

一、http://ip:3000/tasks 能正常访问

~$ cd pumarails/
~/pumarails$ RAILS_ENV=production rails server -b 0.0.0.0
=> Booting Puma
=> Rails 4.2.1 application starting in production on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
Puma 2.11.3 starting...
* Min threads: 0, max threads: 16
* Environment: production
* Listening on tcp://0.0.0.0:3000

二、nginx 能正常访问 index.html

http://ip/tasks 访问显示 404 错误

404 Not Found

nginx/1.8.0

三、PUMA 配置

deploy@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~/pumarails$ cat config/puma.rb 
# Change to match your CPU core count
workers 1

# Min and Max threads per worker
threads 1, 6

app_dir = File.expand_path("../..", __FILE__)
shared_dir = "#{app_dir}/shared"

# Default to production
rails_env = ENV['RAILS_ENV'] || "production"
environment rails_env

# Set up socket location
bind "unix://#{shared_dir}/sockets/puma.sock"

# Logging
stdout_redirect "#{shared_dir}/log/puma.stdout.log", "#{shared_dir}/log/puma.stderr.log", true

# Set master PID and state locations
pidfile "#{shared_dir}/pids/puma.pid"
state_path "#{shared_dir}/pids/puma.state"
activate_control_app

on_worker_boot do
  require "active_record"
  ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect! rescue ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished
  ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(YAML.load_file("#{app_dir}/config/database.yml")[rails_env])
end
deploy@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~/pumarails$

四、nginx 配置

deploy@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~$ cat /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

upstream app {
    # Path to Puma SOCK file, as defined previously
    server unix:/home/deploy/pumarails/shared/sockets/puma.sock fail_timeout=0;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;

    root /home/deploy/pumarails/public;

    try_files $uri/index.html $uri @app;

    location @app {
        proxy_pass http://app;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
    client_max_body_size 4G;
    keepalive_timeout 10;
}
deploy@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~$ 


deploy@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~/pumarails$ cat /etc/nginx/sites-available/default 
##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#
# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#
upstream app {
    # Path to Puma SOCK file, as defined previously
    server unix:///home/deploy/pumarails/shared/sockets/puma.sock fail_timeout=0;
}

server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server;

    # SSL configuration
    #
    # listen 443 ssl default_server;
    # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
    #
    # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
    #
    # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
    #
    # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
    # Don't use them in a production server!
    #
    # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

    #root /var/www/html;
    root /home/deploy/pumarails/public;

    # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
    index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

    server_name _;

    location / {
        # First attempt to serve request as file, then
        # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #   include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    #
    #   # With php5-cgi alone:
    #   fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #   # With php5-fpm:
    #   fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #   deny all;
    #}
}


# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#   listen 80;
#   listen [::]:80;
#
#   server_name example.com;
#
#   root /var/www/example.com;
#   index index.html;
#
#   location / {
#       try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#   }
#}
deploy@iZ94ra5tl2iZ:~/pumarails$

五、如何定位此问题

局域网中的手机访问 rails server 方法

caiqinghua — Fri, 24 Apr 2015 22:37:00 +0800

rails s http://localhost:3000 访问正常本机 ip 为 192.168.1.102 本机或手机访问 http://192.168.1.102:3000 访问不成功

解决方法 rails s -b 192.168.1.102 http://192.168.1.102:3000 局域网中的电脑和手机都可以访问 rails server 了。

baidu: rails 局域网访问 https://ruby-china.org/topics/889

caiqinghua (lin)

Rails I18n en.yml 缺失 本地开发调试环境和部署后表现不一致

Rails 部署后不能启动问题定位方法

rake wechat:menu_create 提示 invalid sub button key size (40026) 错误

出错信息

原因：

代码修改：

rails 数据检验在什么时候执行？

一、先上代码

二、数据库

三、Active Record 数据验证

四、问题

rails delegate 代理如何验证？代理端需要验证吗？怎么验证？

赶脚我写的是 C 代码，怎么改善为 Rails 风格？

两种 where 查找，哪种更 Rails 风格一点？

用 FactoryGirl seed 改善重复创建问题和用例执行慢的问题

本文上下文环境

factory_girl-seeds 简介

用 factory_girl-seeds 重构代码前后比较

重构后代码

Rails 测试驱动开发 Factory Girl 用例重构实践

写在前面

先写个重构要点吧，以免看不到文章最后的同学，可以知道本文主要讲些啥玩意

一、本文测试对象介绍

开发员工管理的特性，基本功能：

二、本文涉及的对象

员工角色

公司

三、初始代码

四、重构一：超级管理员，公司管理员和普通员工分别登录测试

五、重构二：解决 login_super_admin 中重复创建 staff_super_admin_role 问题

重构前代码

重构后代码

六、重构三：用 traits 解决排列组合数据问题（ps.用 find_by 先查找数据库解决数据重复创建问题）

重构前的问题

重构后代码

重构四：用 factory girl seed 改善重复创建问题和用例执行慢的问题

删除 GitHub 远程仓库中 master 分支的多个提交

一、本地切换到 master 分支

二、新建 old_master 分支备份，以防万一

三、删除远程 master 分支

四、版本回退并重新创建远程 master 分支

五、通知项目组同事本地 master 同步远程 master 分支

metaclass model, tainting, reflection, and marshaling 各自能解决什么问题？

1. 中文怎么翻译？

2. 各自能解决为什么问题？

Rack 在整个 Ruby Web 系统中处于什么位置？

一、RACK 基本信息

二、RACK 具体作用是什么？

三、在非 ruby 技术，和 RACK 类似功能的是哪些东东？php java 用什么取代 rack？

四、有没有介绍 web 各种技术的体系结构资料推荐？

如何优雅地把 Hash 参数传递给 JavaScript

方法一、 https://ruby-china.org/topics/9844

方法二、

方法三、ajax

方法四、

UNICORN 和 NGINX 手动部署 rails 应用笔记

内容概要

一、unicorn 配置

二、nginx 配置

三、注意点

更改 sqlite 数据库为 mysql 数据库

Overriding images

Ruby 中冒号有多少种意思？

手动部署 PostgreSQL+PUMA+NGINX RAILS 应用

一、简介

为什么选择 rbenv 安装 ruby

为什么选择 PostgreSQL

二、安装 rbenv

三、安装 ruby

四、安装 rails

五、安装 nodejs

六、安装 PostgreSQL

七、创建 rails 应用并设置数据库用户和密码

八、安装 rbenv-vars 插件

九、运行创建的应用

十、安装配置 PUMA

十一、安装配置 NGINX

十二、总结

如何定位 Puma + Nginx 部署问题 404 not found (on Ubuntu 14.04)

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