目录：http://ruby-china.org/topics/7770 上一步：使用 RSpec+Capybara 简单 BDD 入门 -7

用户故事

用户希望发布新帖

输入下列项目

• 节点
• 标题

• 内容 点击保存按钮后，显示帖子列表

• 帖子列表显示帖子创建者信息

• 在用户信息页面显示最新公开的帖子列表

环境准备

git checkout -b f8
rails c # console
rails s # server

步骤

新建文件spec/features/user_can_publish_topic_spec.rb

# coding: utf-8
feature '用户希望公开帖子' do
  background do
    @user = User.create name: 'test_user'
  end

  before do
    visit '/sign_in'

    fill_in 'user_name', with: @user.name
    click_button "登录"
  end

  scenario '访问/topics/new，应该显示新建帖子页面' do
    click_link "发布新帖"

    current_path.should == new_topic_path
    page.should have_content "新建帖子"
  end
end

• 测试失败：undefined local variable or methodnew_topic_path' for #<RSpec:...`
• 原因：没有new_topic的路由信息

编辑config/routes.rb，增加路由信息

resources :topics, only: [:index, :show, :new]

• 测试失败：expected there to be text "新建帖子" in "社区 会员...
• 原因：“新建帖子”的链接还没有加上

编辑topics/index.html.haml

修改第 10 行，增加链接

= link_to "发布新帖", new_topic_path, class: "btn btn-success"

• 测试失败：The action 'new' could not be found for TopicsController
• 原因：没有定义new方法

编辑controllers/topics_controller.rb，增加new方法

def new
end

• 测试失败：Missing template topics/new, application/new with {:locale=>...
• 原因：没有topics/new模板

新建topics/new.html.haml模板

拷贝ui/new_topic.html内容至当前文件

• 测试通过！

确认用户故事，增加spec

# coding: utf-8
feature '用户希望公开帖子' do
  background do
    @user = User.create name: 'test_user'

    Node.create name: "Ruby"
    Node.create name: "Rails"
    Node.create name: "XiaCheDan"
  end

  before do
    visit '/sign_in'

    fill_in 'user_name', with: @user.name
    click_button "登录"
  end

  scenario '访问/topics/new，应该显示新建帖子页面' do
    click_link "发布新帖"

    page.should have_content "新建帖子"
    page.should have_select "topic_node", options: Node.all.map { |node| node.name }
    page.should have_field 'topic_title'
    page.should have_field 'topic_content'
  end
end

• 测试失败：expected to find select box "topic_node" but there wer...
• 原因：模板还是写死的数据

编辑topics/new.html.haml

= render 'shared/breadcrumb', links: [["Home", ""], ["社区", ""], ["发帖", ""]]

%section#new_topic.box
  %h1 新建帖子
  = form_for @topic, html: {class: "form-horizontal"} do |f|
    .control-group
      = f.label "标题", class: "control-label"
      .controls
        = f.select :node_id, Node.all.map{ |node| [node.name, node.id] }
        %select
          %option(value="Ruby") Ruby
          %option(value="Rails") Rails
          %option(value="XiaCheDan") XiaCheDan
        = f.text_field :title
    .control-group
      = f.label "正文"
      .controls
        = f.text_area :content, rows: 20
    .submit-button
      = f.submit "保存", class: "btn btn-primary"
      = link_to "取消"

%section#sidebar
  %section#new_post_note.box
    %h2 发帖说明
    %p 没啥可说的，发就是了

• 测试失败：undefined methodmodel_name' for NilClass:Class`
• 原因：没有对@topic变量赋值

编辑controllers/topics_controller.rb

def new
  @topic = Topic.new
end

• 测试通过！

确认用户故事，增加 spec

# coding: utf-8
feature '用户希望公开帖子' do
  background do
    @user = User.create name: 'test_user'

    @ruby_node = Node.create name: "Ruby"
    Node.create name: "Rails"
.....
  scenario '输入节点、标题、内容，点击"保存"按钮，应该正常提交并显示帖子列表' do
    click_link "发布新帖"

    select @ruby_node.name, from: 'topic_node_id'
    fill_in 'topic_title', with: 'new topic title'
    fill_in 'topic_content', with: 'new topic content'

    click_button "保存"

    current_path.should == root_path
    page.should have_content 'new topic title'
  end
end

• 测试失败：No route matches [POST] "/topics"
• 原因：没有topics#create的路由信息

编辑config/routes.rb，增加路由信息

resources :topics, only: [:index, :show, :new, :create]

• 测试失败：The action 'create' could not be found for TopicsController
• 原因：没有定义create方法

编辑controllers/topics_controller.rb

def create
end

• 测试失败：Missing template topics/create, application/create with {:loca...
• 原因：没有create模板。

编辑controllers/topics_controller.rb

def create
  Topic.create(params[:topic])
  redirect_to root_path
end

• 测试失败：Can't mass-assign protected attributes: node_id
• 原因：没有对node_id的访问属性声明

编辑model/topic.rb，增加属性声明

attr_accessible :title, :node, :content, :node_id

• 测试通过！！

重构

spec 文件中，click_link "发布新帖"可以移到before里面

before do
  visit '/sign_in'

  fill_in 'user_name', with: @user.name
  click_button "登录"

  click_link "发布新帖"
end

scenario '访问/topics/new，应该显示新建帖子页面' do
  page.should have_content "新建帖子"
  page.should have_select "topic_node_id", options: Node.all.map { |node| node.name }
  page.should have_field 'topic_title'
  page.should have_field 'topic_content'
end

scenario '输入节点、标题、内容，点击"保存"按钮，应该正常提交并显示帖子列表' do
  select @ruby_node.name, from: 'topic_node_id'
  fill_in 'topic_title', with: 'new topic title'
  fill_in 'topic_content', with: 'new topic content'

  click_button "保存"

  current_path.should == root_path
  page.should have_content 'new topic title'
end

• 测试应该仍然全部通过

确认用户故事，修改 spec

编辑spec/features/topics_spec.rb，增加帖子创建者的验证部分

• 第二行的 feature 描述错了，也顺便修改一下 :)
• 顺便把重复的部分重构一下 :)

# coding: utf-8
feature '访问者希望看到所有帖子' do
  background do
    node = Node.create name: "瞎扯淡"
    @user = User.create name: 'test_user'

    Topic.create title: "DHH 的公开课", node: node
    Topic.create title: "Rails3 中 compass 的 IE 使用问题", node: node
    Topic.create title: "这周二上海搞Ruby Tuesday么？", node: node
  end

  context "访问/topics" do
    before do
      visit '/topics'
    end

    scenario '应该显示所有帖子' do
      Topic.all.each { |topic| page.should have_content topic.title }

      page.should have_content "published less than a minute ago"
    end

    scenario '应该显示帖子的节点名称' do
      Topic.all.each { |topic| page.should have_content topic.node.name } 
    end

    scenario '应该显示帖子创建者名称' do
      page.should have_content @user.name
    end
  end
end

• 测试失败：expected there to be text "test_user" in "社区 会员...
• 原因：还没有显示创建者名称

编辑topics/_topics.html.haml

修改第 12 行

= link_to "knwang", nil, class: "user_link"

为

= link_to topic.author.name, topic.author, class: "user_link"

• 测试失败：undefined methodanthor' for #Topic:0x007fd32d943a60`
• 原因：没有定义author方法

编辑models/topic.rb，增加author的声明

belongs_to :anthor, class_name: "User"

在rails console中执行

[20] pry(main)> generate "migration AddAuthorIdToTopics author_id:integer"
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20130102235735_add_author_id_to_topics.rb
=> "Completed"
[21] pry(main)>

执行数据库升级

bundle exec rake db:migrate
bundle exec rake db:test:prepare

编辑spec，修改Topic，增加author的赋值部分

Topic.create title: "DHH 的公开课", node: node, author: @user
Topic.create title: "Rails3 中 compass 的 IE 使用问题", node: node, author: @user
Topic.create title: "这周二上海搞Ruby Tuesday么？", node: node, author: @user

• 测试失败：Can't mass-assign protected attributes: author
• 原因：没有设置author的访问属性

编辑models/topic.rb，增加访问属性声明

attr_accessible :title, :node, :content, :node_id, :author

• 部分测试成功，但有其他的测试失败

编辑spec/features/user_can_publish_topic_spec.rb

• 测试失败原因：公开帖子的时候没有设置author

def create
  topic = Topic.new params[:topic]
  topic.author = current_user
  topic.save

  redirect_to root_path
end

• 测试成功

编辑spec/features/nodes_spec.rb

• 测试失败原因：数据准备部分没有设置author

background do
  user = User.create name: 'test_user'

  @node1 = Node.create name: "Ruby Node", description: "Ruby是一门优美的语言"
  @node2 = Node.create name: "Rails Node", description: "Rails是一个快速WEB开发框架"

  2.times.map.with_index { |i| Topic.create title: "topic #{i}", node: @node1, author: user}
  3.times.map.with_index { |i| Topic.create title: "topic #{i + 10}", node: @node2, author: user}
end

• 测试通过！

再次确认用户故事，增加 spec

编辑spec/features/guest_can_see_user_info_spec.rb，增加最新帖子的验证部分

# coding: utf-8
feature '访问者希望看到用户的信息' do
  background do
    @user = User.create name: "test_user"

    5.times.map.with_index { |i| Topic.create title: "topic #{i}", author: @user }
  end

  scenario '访问/users/:id, 应该显示用户信息' do
    visit "/users/#{@user.id}"

    page.should have_content @user.name
    page.should have_content @user.created_at.to_s

    Topic.all.each do |topic|
      page.should have_content topic.title
    end
  end
end

• 测试失败：expected there to be text "topic 0" in "社区 会...
• 原因：还没有实现最新回复的部分

编辑users/show.html.haml

拷贝ui/user.html.haml中最新回复的部分至当前模板最下方

%section#user_recent_topics.box
  %section#user_recent_topics_banner.box.info-box
    %span 最近发布的帖子
  %section#user_recent_topics_content.box
    %ul
      %li
        = link_to "Rails", nil, class: "node"
        = link_to "BDD开发模式:使用Rspec开发Rails Project的标准流程是什么?"
        %span 3 days ago
      %li
        = link_to "Rails", nil, class: "node"
        = link_to "BDD开发模式:使用Rspec开发Rails Project的标准流程是什么?"
        %span 3 days ago
      %li
        = link_to "Rails", nil, class: "node"
        = link_to "BDD开发模式:使用Rspec开发Rails Project的标准流程是什么?"
        %span 3 days ago

修改为

%section#user_recent_topics.box
  %section#user_recent_topics_banner.box.info-box
    %span 最近发布的帖子
  %section#user_recent_topics_content.box
    %ul
      %li
        = link_to "Rails", nil, class: "node"
        = link_to "BDD开发模式:使用Rspec开发Rails Project的标准流程是什么?"
        %span 3 days ago
      %li
        = link_to "Rails", nil, class: "node"
        = link_to "BDD开发模式:使用Rspec开发Rails Project的标准流程是什么?"
        %span 3 days ago
      %li
        = link_to "Rails", nil, class: "node"
        = link_to "BDD开发模式:使用Rspec开发Rails Project的标准流程是什么?"
        %span 3 days ago

• 测试失败：undefined methodtopics' for #User:0x007fc0f7305830...`
• 原因：user还没有和topic关联

编辑models/user.rb，增加关联

has_many :topics, :class_name => "Topic", :foreign_key => "author_id"

• 测试通过！

重构

编辑 spec/featurs/guest_can_see_user_info_spec.rb

• 最新发布帖子的验证部分分到单独的scenario
• 把重复的部分提取到before

# coding: utf-8
feature '访问者希望看到用户的信息' do
  background do
    @user = User.create name: "test_user"
    node = Node.create name: "ruby"

    5.times.map.with_index { |i| Topic.create title: "topic #{i}", node: node, author: @user }
  end

  before do
    visit "/users/#{@user.id}"
  end

  scenario '应该显示用户信息' do
    page.should have_content @user.name
    page.should have_content @user.created_at.to_s
  end

  scenario '应该显示用户最新发布的帖子' do
    Topic.all.each do |topic|
      page.should have_content topic.title
    end
  end
end

补充重构（可以不做）

guest_can_sign_in_spec.rb中也有重复的代码可以重构

scenario '输入用户名后点击"登录"按钮，应该正常登录' do
  visit "/sign_in"

  fill_in "user_name", with: @user.name
  click_button "登录"

  current_path.should == root_path
end

scenario '应该显示用户名称' do
  visit "/sign_in"

  fill_in "user_name", with: @user.name
  click_button "登录"

  page.should have_content @user.name    
end

可以把重复的部分提取出来

  before do
    visit "/sign_in"

    fill_in "user_name", with: @user.name
    click_button "登录"
  end

  scenario '输入用户名后点击"登录"按钮，应该正常登录' do
    current_path.should == root_path
  end

  scenario '应该显示用户名称' do
    page.should have_content @user.name    
  end
end

完成，提交代码

git add .
git commit 
git checkout dev
git merge f8 --no-ff
git branch -d f8

下一步骤：使用 RSpec+Capybara 简单 BDD 入门 -9